Research On Energy Consumption And Control Of Carbon Emission Between Developed Countries And Developing Countries

At present, the problem of global climate change caused by the excessivecarbon emissions is received extensive attention of the international community. It isthe global problem covering the international political, economic, technical, legal,and environmental aspects and so on. There is the great effect on striving for thenational development space in the future and the choice of development path. Itrelates to the political and economic interests patterns among countries. In view ofthe world economic development, countries all presents the obvious stagecharacteristics. The main developed countries have finished the industrializationdevelopment of high energy consumption and high carbon emission, industrystructure is mainly composed of the third industry which is the low energyconsumption and low carbon emissions. However, developing countries are still inthe process of industrialization, economic development pattern is given priority tothe second industry, which are high energy consumption and high carbon emissions.Because the atmospheric environment polluted by the carbon emissions has thecharacteristic of the “public products”, countries are not willing to bear the massivecosts of reducing carbon emissions. Therefore, the problem of controlling carbonemissions is always the game between public interests and national interests, and isthe game of many interest groups among countries. In order to develop low carboneconomy, maintain the health of world economy coordinated development, andfairly solve the problem of carbon emissions control, we need to consider thehistorical responsibility, realistic development stage and future development needs. On the basis of studies of the industrial structure evolution, this paper analyzesdeeply the characteristics of the developed countries and developing countries in theevolution of the industrial structure, makes the international comparison on theindustrial structure evolution coefficient between the developed countries anddeveloping countries. It studies the difference of the primary energy consumptionand consumption pattern in the process of the industrial structure evolution, makesregression analysis to the relevance between industrial structure evolution and theprimary energy consumption. Make the international comparison on the carbonemissions change trend, and make the correlation regression analysis on the nationalenergy consumption structure evolution and the carbon emissions. On this basis, itanalyzes the non-cooperative game and cooperative game on the carbon emissionscontrol between the developed countries and developing countries. It has a certaintheoretical significance and practical application value to the strategy choice ofcarbon emissions control between the developed countries and developing countries.The paper is divided into6chapters. The Chapter1is the Introduction. It isabout the background of topic selection and its theoretical and practical meaning. Inaddition, it summarizes and evaluates the researches and studies of the literatureshome and abroad on the energy consumption and the control of carbon emission inthe process of industry structure evolution. The main content and arrangements ofthe structure, the research methods, creative ideas and limitations are included in thischapter.The Chapter2is the theoretical basis. At first, the paper states the relativetheories of the industrial structure evolution. They lay a theoretical basis for thegeneral rule in the evolution of the industrial structure, the coefficient variables ofindustrial structure evolution, and the comparative analysis of the characteristics andtrend in the process of the industrial structure evolution. Secondly, the paperexpounds the energy economics theory. It analyzes the optimization of energy configuration and the development of circular economy, from the point of therelationship among the energy, economic growth and carbon emissions respectively.Finally, this paper expounds the related theory of carbon emission control, includingthe public product theory and externality theory. The above mentioned theoreticalanalyses lay a theoretical foundation for reducing energy consumption, optimizingthe structure of energy consumption, reducing and controlling the carbon emissions,between the developed countries and developing countries in the process ofindustrial structure evolution.The Chapter3is the international comparison analysis of the industrialstructure evolution process. This chapter analyzes the general law of industrialstructure evolution, and puts forward the industrial structure evolution coefficient forthe purpose of analyzing the differences in the process of the industrial structureevolution in five Countries. On this basis, it respectively introduces the energyconsumption and carbon emission levels in details under the characteristics ofindustrial structure evolution, makes comparative analysis on the coefficient ofindustrial structure evolution among developed countries, among developingcountries, between developed countries and developing countries. It points out thetime difference on energy consumption and carbon emissions between the developedcountries and developing countries, and puts forward the methods and ways tocontrol carbon emissions all over the world.The Chapter4is about the primary energy consumption analysis in the processof the industrial structure evolution. This chapter makes comparative analysis on theprimary energy consumption among five countries from the perspective of industrialstructure evolution, points out the differences of national primary energyconsumption, especially primary energy consumption in the United States is higherthan Germany and Japan, which is caused by the domestic energy consumptionpatterns in the United States. Therefore, it analyzes the primary energy consumption patterns among five countries in comparison. Then, the paper analyzes the industrialstructure evolution and the variation trend of the total energy consumption in fivecountries, judges the characteristics and reasons of energy consumption according tothe coefficient differences of national industrial structure evolution. Finally, it makesregression analysis on the correlation between the industrial structure evolution andthe primary energy consumption, judges the effect of the industrial structureevolution process on the primary energy consumption.The Chapter5analyzes the evolution of the energy consumption structure andtrends of carbon emissions. This chapter takes the pattern of world energy resourcesas a starting point to analyze the characteristics and trends of the five national energyconsumption structures. And it proposes the coefficient of energy consumptionstructure evolution, makes the comparative analysis on the trends and characteristicsof five national energy consumption structure evolution coefficient curves. Due tocarbon emissions affected by the evolution degree of the industrial structure andenergy consumption structure, then it makes the comparative analysis on the trend ofcarbon emissions. Finally, it sets up a “model of energy consumption structureevolution and carbon emissions” to make a regression analysis about theircorrelation. To determine the impact of a country’s energy consumption structure oncarbon emissions, it lays the foundation for all countries in the game of carbonemissions control.The Chapter6is the game analysis of carbon emission control. At first, thischapter respectively analyzes the international efforts to control carbon emissions,the legislative basis for the developed countries to control the carbon emissions, themajor contradictions that exist in carbon emissions control and nationalcommitments on controlling carbon emissions. All of them lay the foundation ofcontrolling carbon emissions game for the developed and developing countries. Then,it does the game analysis on the carbon emissions control of developed and developing countries. It leads to “prisoner’s dilemma” of non-cooperative gamebecause of the “public good” characteristic of the atmospheric pollution. And fromthe perspective of the cooperative game, it respectively analyzes “Pigs Game”between developed and developing countries,“Chicken Game” among developedcountries,“Deer Hunter Game” among developing countries, provides a theoreticalbasis for the five countries in the strategy selection of the international emissionscontrol game. Finally, from a strategic point China should retain the position in thecarbon emissions control game, as well as China’s future development strategy tocontrol carbon emissions.