The Impact Of Trade Openness And Technological Progress On Changes Of China’s Employment

Since China’s reform and opening, with the continuous development of China’s trade openness, employment problem is also emerging, become an important issue which China’s economic needs to be solve in current. China’s employment problem is mainly manifested in two aspects, one is employment difficulty, there are a large number of unemployed labor; One is the imbalance in the structure of employment, the employment structure imbalance in the skill employment structure, industrial employment structure, regional employment structure and gender employment structure. The changes of China’s total employment and the changes of employment structure is what this article refer to as the change of employment.Trade Openness and technological progress are the important factors that affect employment changes, is also the important variables which this article focuse on. Worth attention is that China as a developing country, considering the trade openness impact on China’s employment change, produced a conclusion opposite to theoretical expectation.Therefore, when considering the trade openness affect on the changes of employment China’s technical progress factor must be added. Based on the analysis of trade openness impact on China’s employment changes, considering the effect of technical progress factor. The first chapter is the research review; Second chapter is the theory analysis part, obtain the research proposition by constructing the theoretical model in this paper, and on the basis of this, this paper Analyzes the influence mechanism of trade openness technology progress on employment change and technological progress effect of trade openness;The third chapter is analysis of the present situation of trade openness, technological progress, total employment and the employment structure; The next chapter4to chapter8respectively Considering the influence of trade openness and technology progress on employment changes from the aspects of the total employment, skills employment structure, industrial employment structure, regional employment structure and gender employment structure.Based on the research, this paper gets the following conclusions:first, trade openness, technology progress has positive effect to the China’s total employment, But the impact on employment changes there are regional differences; Second, trade openness and technological progress promote the skills employment structure optimization; Third, trade openness and technological progress have influence on industrial employment structure, its increase the third and the second industry’s employment share, reduce the primary industry’s employment share; Fourth, trade openness and technological progress have influence on regional employment structure, its promote the labor force flow from the western and central regions to the eastern region, make the eastern part of the employment share further increase; Fifth, trade openness, technological progress leads to the further imbalance of gender employment structure, trade openness and technological progress increase the demand for male labor, make gender employment structure further tilt to male labor.The innovation of this paper include:first, the literature according to the theory and empirical studies, the division of foreign and domestic research, reviewing the literature in detail from four aspects:the effects of the international trade on employment changes, the influence of technology progress on employment changes and the effects of trade openness on technological progress and the influence of trade openness, technology progress on employment changes; Second, considering the technical progress factor as a endogenous variable, considering the impact of trade openness and technology on employment changes comprehensively, to avoid the errors in Measurement structure when considering the trade openness and technology progress separately; Third, not only considering the influence of trade openness, technology progress on total employment, but also from four Angle of of the skills, industry, regional and gender employment structure; Fourth, in the research not only consider the short-term impact that trade openness and technological progress on employment changes, also analyzes its long-term impact on employment changes; Fifth, in the process of research, adopted1978-2014provinces and industry data and2004industrial enterprises in China, studied from the aspects of micro and macro respectively; Sixth, this article also pay attention to the flexible use of the measurement method, according to different research objects use the dynamic panel data GMM method, the delta method, simultaneous equations, spatial measurement method and fixed effect panel method, and in the process of research, using instrumental variable to solve the problem of endogenous effectively.