Research On The Classification Of Resource-based Cities And The Mechanism And Process Of Ecological Regulation

Since 1900, the percentage of urban dwellers in the global population has increased from 10% to 50%, and will rise even more by 2050, which means that the future of humanity lies on the destination and process of urbanization. Resource-based cities are those whose development mainly depends on the exploitation of natural resources and whose economic system is predominantly consist of resource-based industries. However, with the exhaustion of natural resources, resource-based cities are facing the most enormous challenge in achieving sustainable development.With the rapid development of Chinese economy and urbanization, many negative effects of land use transitions on ecosystem services have occurred, and related researches are receiving much more attentions these years. There is no doubt that land use transitions induced by rapid urbanization will result in local environmental change by affecting the ecosystem services. The effects of regional land use transitions on ecological environment is one of the important contents of global change research, and the assessment of ecosystem services has attracted a broad range of biologists, ecologists as well as geographers. Accordingly, urban planning, management and decision-making are increasingly becoming aware of ecosystem services for human well-being. However, the approach has not yet been integrated into spatial planning in a straightforward manner, and decision-making often fails to integrate a number of concrete ecosystem services.In this case, we firstly put forward a classification system including resource-based city sustainability index(RCSI), resource-based city coordination index(RCCI) and resource-based city characteristic index(RCChI) under environmental, social and economic dimensions, adopted three different weight scenarios, and selected 112 cities for case study.Secondly, we utilized the Landsat-7 remote sensing data of Tangshan to assess the change of land use change and landscape pattern change in temporal and spatial scale. Based on the land use and landscape data, an assessment model based on ecological footprint(EF) and ecological carrying capacity(EC) was used to detect the trend of urbanization in Tangshan city. In this model, we created four new indicators which could enrich EF and EC with economic and social dimensions, and categorized six types of ecological footprints into three main kinds of ecological footprints.Thirdly, we put forward a novel urban planning approach using an ecosystem services perspective for achieving sustainable development in Chinese RBC. An urban ecosystem services simulation model, built using an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and expert opinion, and an urban classification model, built using commuting radius and geographic information system(GIS), were used to assess past urbanization and to guide the future urban planning.Fourthly,based on In VEST and multiple evaluation methods, an ecosystem services evaluation model is established. In this model, numerous parameters and remote sensing data are necessary and mathmetic modeling is required. The evaluation results demonstates a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2010, especially in regulating and supporting. After the evaluation, we adopted a CLUE-S based model to simulate multiple scenarios in order to access different eco-regulation methodologies.The results:a) helped us to locate the problems in resource-based cities by analyzing both dimensions and indicators; to simulate the trend that how resource-based cities emerged, grew, declined and regenerated; to categorized resource-based cities into four types by integrating RCSI, RCCI and RCCh I;d) provided relative values of each type of land per unit in three sub-systems(core urban area, suburb and rural), and detected the change of ecosystem services in three sub-systems and the change of ecosystem services per capita in the whole administrative urban area;e) demonstated a rapid land use change in different sub-systems of Tangshan city from 1990 to 2010, providing relative values of each type of land per unit in three sub-systems(core urban area, suburb and rural), and detected the change of ecosystem services in three sub-systems and the change of ecosystem services per capita in the whole administrative urban area;f) evaluated four main kinds of ecosystem services by integrating numerous methods and models.Based on the results above and multiple scenarios simulation, a balanced ecological regulation methodology was confirmed, and would give policy makers, urban ecologists, and urban planners a holistic and comprehensive perspective in the future urban regulation and management, and would achieve a route to sustainability in resource-base city.