Research Of The Productive Eficiency On Pig Industry In Heilongjiang Province

Pig industry has been the dominant role in animal husbandry. Sustainable development of pig industry is an important way to increase farmers’ income, improve people ’living standards and promote agricultural and rural economic development. As the largest commodity grain base,Heilongjiang Province has a unique advantage in the development of pig industry. However, the number of pig farming and pork production in Heilongjiang Province only accounted for a low proportion of country ’ s total. Compared with other provinces, Heilongjiang Province is in the middle or lower ranks. There is frequent fluctuations in pig production in Heilongjiang Province.How to improve the efficiency of breeding pigs in Heilongjiang Province is an urgent need to address.The study takes system theory as the basis and factors of production theory, returns to scale theory, industrial organization theory and strategic management theory as the main tools. There are combination of fieldwork and survey methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis, theoretical analysis and policy studies. Taking pig breeding industry as a starting point, the study elaborated pig production, trade, consumption, policy support and economies of scale of pig farming in Heilongjiang Province. At the same time, pig TFP was studied in Heilongjiang Province and compared with pig TFP in other areas. The study summarized the major factors affecting the development of pig breeding industry and put up suggestions to improve the productivity of pig breeding industry in Heilongjiang Province. Conclusions were as follows:First, through the competition-association relationship between pig industry and food production, it could be found that the required amount of food of pig industry was almost entirely self-sufficient. Now there was huge potential for current size of pig breeding industry to further expanded which could support the“fifty million pig farming”strategy proposed by Heilongjiang Province. However, it should be fully aware that with the increasing number of pig farming, the amount of food consumed by pig industry in Heilongjiang Province would be more and more. So more attention should be paid to food pressure provided by increasing number of pigs.Second, from the analysis on pig breeding scale economies in Heilongjiang Province, it could be seen that the number of breeding pigs in Heilongjiang Province had maximum output elasticity which meant that under the fixed cost of pig farming, the economic benefits would increase as the number of breeding improved. Production capital elasticity was greater than the output elasticity of labor, indicating that the accumulation of physical capital was crucial for pig breeding industry and breeding pigs with high capital investment characteristics. Through analysis, when the scale pigfarming in Heilongjiang Province was 100 or less, pig farming to increase the proportion of income was less than the increase in the proportion of factor inputs. There were diseconomies of scale.When the scale pig farming in Heilongjiang Province was 100 or more, there were economies of scale benefits. It could be seen that the output elasticity of pig farming would increase with the number of breeding increased.Third, from the analysis on productivity of pig breeding industry, it could be seen that small-scale and middle-scale of pig breeding industry in national wile more come from technological progress and large-scale more come from efficiency improving. So scale advantage had become increasingly prominent. In Heilongjiang Province, only achieved a positive growth in pig TFP and small-scale, middle-scale and large-scale achieved negative growth in pig TFP, which indicating that there was still infancy in large-scale pig farming in Heilongjiang Province.Compared with other pig breeding areas, pig farming productivity was still relatively low in Heilongjiang Province.Fourth, the internal factors were the key factors to impact on productivity of pig breeding industry in Heilongjiang Province. Its own construction and development was the key. In internal factors, the farming methods were the most important part of increasing productivity of pig breeding industry. As could be seen from the sub-factor overall order of importance, the impact of pig breeding industry in Heilongjiang Province productivity factors by order of importance are feed inputs, pig market price, disease prevention ability, education level, income level, sales channels,farming experience, feed industry level of development, abundant extent of land resources,management capacity, policy support level, per capita GDP, improved varieties, facilities and equipment, degree of updating ideas, demand degree of pig market, extent of the application of advanced technologies, environment pollution governance efforts.At last, we should improve production efficiency of pig breeding industry in Heilongjiang Province from optimizing the allocation of resources, improving the efficiency of feed costs,improving piglets cost efficiency, improving pig breeding scale efficiency, increasing subsidies policy implementation, improving pig farming techniques efficiency, building pig risk prevention mechanism.