| The State-level Economic and Technological Development Zone is the product of China’s reform and opening up. It’s also an important component of the national development strategies and China’s soft powers influencing abroad, which has been playing an important role in the development of national and regional economy. The theoretical researches on the Development Zone’s development is extremely rich, however, the previous studies have repeatedly overlooked an important fact that there is fierce competition among them in the development process. This competitive relation not only affects the individual behavior of one Development Zone, but also affects the group development performance of Development Zones.In the industrial organization theory, industrial economists Bain, Scherer et al. built the industrial "SCP" (structure-conduct-performance) analytical model, which is used to study the relationship among the changes of basic situation, market structure, market conduct, performance and public policy within an industry. The market basic condition affects the market structure; the market structure determines the conduct enterprises take and reacts on the market basic condition; the enterprises’behaviors affect the economic performance market operations and also give the market structure feedback; public policy impacts on the above processes. "SCP" analytical framework is the most complete and sophisticated research paradigm, which is widely used in various industrial researches, providing policy basis for maintaining a reasonable market competition order and improving economic efficiency.By means of analyzing the typical cases of foreign development zones, reviewing the State-level Economic and Technological Development Zone of China and the domestic private development zone, this paper abstracts the general characteristics of Development Zones’ development—investors gather during regional development competition. On the one hand, the Development Zones provide "products and services", including land resources and investment environment; on the other hand, investors choose "products and services" according to their preferences. An individual Development Zone is characterized by "quasi-firm" and the group of Development Zones is characterized by "industry". Taking advantage of the rich experience accumulated in 30 years’ development of Development Zones and taking the difference between Development Zone and general enterprise into account, this paper builds a "SCP" paradigm applicable to the study on the State-level Development Zones’development by transforming and amending the "SCP" analytical framework.According to the above research, this paper focuses on the Development Zone’s market basic situation, structure, conduct and performance. From the point of suppliers, the setup of State-level Economic and Technological Development Zone needs strict examination and approval and the barrier to entry is strong. From the point of demanders, it is mainly foreign investors-oriented. On account of the differences in Development Zone’s location, policies, institutions, infrastructure facilities, economic, market and living environment, heterogeneity takes shape and the relationship among State-level and other regions is characterized by Imperfect competition. On account of the scarcity of investors, the market is buyer’s market and there is information asymmetry between Development Zones and investors, which affects Development Zone’s individual market behavior. At present, the State-level Development Zones have formed certain concentration ratio on the leading industry and economic scale, whose group organizational characteristic fall into "low-concentrated oligopoly" type and the structure is of good stability, generally in the mature period. Meanwhile, the concentration ratio of leading industry is improving and regions are beginning to differentiate, showing a momentum of characteristic zone; the formation of market concentration ratio is connected with national policy and fierce competition caused by imbalance of supply and demand. Under the influence of market structure and examination system, Development Zones demonstrate the behavior of monopolistic competition. Based on the monopolistic competition market behavior theory, this paper will analyze State-level Development Zones’ market conduct in terms of Development Zone’s function target, pricing strategies in competition, innovation, brand building and so on. From the point of view of experiences and observations, this paper analyzes the preferential policy competition mainly including land prices, subsidies and guarantees, concessions and special investment environment; analyzes the price discrimination mainly including the treatment differences in foreign and domestic capital; analyzes the innovation mainly including the improvement of investment environment; analyzes the conduct of reducing the transaction cost mainly including investment promotion and the advertisement behavior mainly including brand building. The above market conducts determine Development Zone’s performance. In the choice of performance indicator system, we take Development Zone’s functional orientation and the specificity of performance appraisal into account. We take the fiscal revenue and comprehensive evaluation score of investment environment published by Ministry of Commerce as dependent variables respectively to build the performance evaluation index system and regression model. We take the economic aggregate (GDP), imports, exports and foreign capital actually utilized as the independent variables. In order to get rid of the dimensional effect caused by variables, we replace the index of dimensional economic aggregate, fiscal revenue, imports, exports and the foreign capital actually utilized with proportions that the corresponding index account for the total amount of the sample Development Zones. Based on the comparison and confirmation of the results of two regression models, this paper concludes that:first, the development performance has a positive correlation with GDP (strong), has a positive correlation with import, has a positive correlation with foreign capital actually used (extremely weak) and has a negative correlation with export; has scale effect; related to the location. Second, under the current development, the quality of foreign investment is not high. The ways to improve Development Zones’ performance are to increase the scale, pay equal attention to domestic and foreign capital, improve the quality of foreign investment and improve the global economic engagement. Third, case studies illustrate that, currently, after generation, acceleration, stability and attenuation, the combined effects of institution, policy management and other factors on the development performance almost disappear.Focusing on the new strategic function targets of "three becomes and four transforms" of State-level Economic and Technological Development Zones (that is to make great efforts into making the State-level Economic and Technological Development Zone to become an important carrier of driving regional economy and implementing regional development strategies, a leading role in building new system of open economy and nurturing new edges of foreign investment attraction, and a demonstration area of technology-innovation-driven and green intensive development; to make great efforts into achieving the transforms from pursuit of speed to the pursuit of quality, from in the center of government to market, from homogeneous competition to differentiated development, and from focusing on hard environment to concentrating on soft environment), this paper analyzes the following factors in detail compared with the impact factors in the "SCP" analytical framework:in terms of external factors, Development Zones are facing environment of weak investment and market, unstable political environment and the lack of technological innovation environment; in terms of public policies, there are conflicts between function and assessment, between transformation and incentive, between cooperation and competition and between further development and land resources; in terms of other factors, the development bottlenecks on administrative efficiency, infrastructure facilities, transport and logistics, living environment, education and health, information exchange, cost and high-end services have formed. This paper adopts case analysis to illustrate the land resource, human resources and other factors. In the end, for the factors affecting development, this paper proposes to establish innovation equity investment funds of State-level Economic and Technological Development Zones, to actively promote horizontal cooperation among Development Zones, to fully overlay Shanghai FTA policies, to encourage the construction of characteristic zones and to promote the innovation of appraisal system in terms of public policies; this paper also proposes to carry forward city and industry integration, to coordinate resources integration, to do well at investment promotion and strengthen brand building. We hope to improve the group development performance of Development Zones by influencing and adjusting its market conducts.The study of this paper enriches the theoretical perspective of study on the State-level Economic and Technological Development Zones’ development, reveals its behaviors characterized by monopolistic competition, draws a general conclusion of its current development performance and proposes some counter-measures and suggestions for further improvement. But because of the practical difficulties in data collection and limited academic level in transforming and amending the "SCP" analytical framework, there are inevitably omissions and deficiencies in this paper. It needs to be checked, enriched and improved in the future.The perspective of industrial organization in this study will also provide inspiration for the study on regional economic development.
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