Research On The Negative Externalities And Compensation Mechanism Of Coal Exploitation

In china, coal consumption occupies70%of all energy resources. The total domesticcoal production reached3,700,000,000tons in2013. The exploitation coal has causedincreasingly serious problems, the main manifestations of which include land subsidenceand its damage to the building facilities on the ground, land occupation by coal ganguedump, damage to the natural scenery, damage to and pollution of the underground watersystem, and security issues. All these side effects can be analyzed by the NegativeExternality Theory in economics. Therefore, for the healthy development of coal industryand human society, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of the negative externalityof coal exploitation, with the aim of exploring its causes, presenting solutions and thenproviding theoretical basis on which to formulate the compensation policy regarding coalexploitation.This dissertation has analyzed the negative externality of the coal exploitation byemploying relevant economic theories and then built the metrical model of the negativeexternality cost. In order to solve the problem of negative externality, it has also made useof Game Theory to discuss the game relationship of the negative externality compensationfor resource development. On such basis, this dissertation has presented the fundamentalelements and four types of compensations regarding the negative externality, namely,resource depletion compensation, eco-compensation, environment compensation andsecurity and health compensation. It has also conducted a systematic research oncompensation standard, compensation method, compensation channel, and compensationmechanism. The main content consists of the following5sections.(1) Explaining the occurrence principles of the negative externality of coalexploitation on the basis of introducing the externality theory; defining the denotation andconnotation of the negative externality of coal exploitation; categorizing and analyzingthoroughly the performance of negative externality in the process of coal exploitation.(2) Conducting a metrical study on the cost of negative externality. On the basis ofthe performance of the negative externality of coal industry, relevant research has been conducted on the following content: constructing a theoretical metrical model, defining theexternality cost, illustrating the theory of cost accounting, and analyzing the accountingelements. This metrical model has also been verified with the authentic data of a coal minein Shanxi Province,the negative externality of which was calculated as6.134858million.(3) The compensation for resource exploitation concerns many main bodies, such asgovernment, enterprise and local residents. To conduct research on the game process ofcompensation issues among them can help to achieve a balanced state. It can also help toseek the favorable conditions for the balance, the knowledge of which can be employed tochange the conditions for the realization of a more beneficial balance.(4) Taking the compensation mechanism as the countermeasure to reduce the effectof negative externality and starting from the peculiarity of coal exploitation, this sectioncategorizes the main compensations regarding ecological environment, health and securityfrom diverse perspectives. It also explores the ecological environment where to conductcoal exploitation and the overall framework where the mechanism of health and securitycompensation operates.(5) The content of this section focuses on the compensation mechanism targeting atthe negative externality of source depletion and of security and health. Major contentincludes: establishing resource compensation value and standard; analyzing the main typesof source compensation; and exploring the reform of the resource compensation mechanismin our country on the basis of comparing the domestic and foreign tax regulations onmineral resources. As to the negative externality of security and health, mechanisms aredesigned, namely, the compensation mechanisms for security incident, occupational disease,damage to the ecological environment and health lose.Scant attention has been attached to damages to the ecological environment in theprocess of mineral exploitation, and the relevant institutional construction and reform stillstay in the elementary phrase. This section mainly deals with a series of content, includingthe fundamental category, frame and standard of eco-compensation, and establishes theoperation mechanism of the eco-compensation and environment compensation.