The Energy-efficiency Technology In The Acoustic Object Tracking Based On Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network is a crucial technology in the Next Generation Network and Intelligent Network. It has been developed along with the rapid progress of microelectronic mechanical systems, computer technology, sensor technology and artificial intelligence.WSNs are consist of many autonomous sensor nodes configured into some unknown or designed area to sensor, position, collect and track the object from environment. In this processing, sensors communicate or collaborate with each other by a self-organizing,self-adaptive, and multi-collaborative way. Object tacking in WSN is widely used in military,civilian and the Internet of Things industry to be the core technology in localization subject.At the same time the research on it emerging for the limitation in sensors’ communication ability, memory capabilities and power limitation.We designed an intelligent wireless sensor node and the sensor array network based on it which meet the requirements of the tracking application. The energy efficiency technologies based in physical layer, data link layer, network layer has been deeply studied to get the intelligent energy-saving. We proposed a series of the energy saving schemes or protocols including the hardware power control, on-demand synchronization mechanism, intelligent wake-up mechanism to improve the energy efficiency in different aspects. The verification and evaluation have been done through a series of experiments and computer simulations.Our research works are discussed in following aspects:Firstly, we summarized the domestic and foreign energy saving research on WSN,analyzed their principles, shortages and the application backgrounds. We gave a review of the common technology on energy-efficiency in different network level. The current issues and challenges in energy-saving technologies have been discussed.Secondly, we implemented the acoustic sensor node and the sensor array network design.The sensor node was designed and implemented to accomplish data collection, localization,data fusion and running all the energy efficiency. It is evaluated to be high intelligence, high accuracy, good stability and well-integrated. Moreover, the design puts more focus on theenergy saving implementation through the power control and the transfer between sleep\awake. Then we use the sensor to establish the six-element pyramid sensor array network. The tracking algorithm in it has also been designed and experimented. All of this hardware implementation are the basement of all other energy efficiency design.Thirdly, we proposed the Accuracy On-demand References Broadcast Synchronization Protocol. It is good match to our node design in using FPGA to keep the time stamp. The synchronization mechanism and time drift compensation has been improved based on the traditional RBS protocol. The experiment proved, the protocol we proposed got the lower overhead and higher accuracy.Then, we proposed the on demand sleep\awake schedule mechanism based on the node category to decline the node overhead in the idle time. The nodes have been divided into forwarding node and listening node to have different period to minimize the energy consuming. The cyclical sleep scheduling can maximize the life time of all the WSN. The experiment evaluated our protocol and improved the efficiency.