| AbstractPurposeTo investigate the clinical features of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and factors related to the etiopathology, evolvement and outcome of ICH. Material and Methods1. The general profile of 620 consecutive patients with ICH admitted to PLA General Hospital between 1991 and 2001 was described. The differences in bleeding location, risk factors, causes and outcome between two genders as well as different age-groups were compared by X-2_test2. The short-term outcome in patients with ICH who were alert on admission was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the poor outcome.3. Clinical features of patients with ICH who were 80 years or older were described. x2-test was applied to compare the differences in risk factors, causes, bleeding location and outcome between the oldest-old and the younger patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with the oldest-old patients with ICH.4. Clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent ICH were analyzed and risk factors associated with recurrence were explored with logistic regression analysis.5. Clinical features of patients with lobar ICH were summarized. Differences between patients with lobar or non-lobar ICH, and between patients with lobar ICH aged younger or older than 60 years were compared by x2-test.Results1. There were 353 men and 267 women in total. The mean age was 62. 2+12.7 years (range 17-98, median age 61). Half of the patients aged between 54 and 71 years. There was more male gender in those younger than 70 years, whereas a higher frequency of female gender was seen in those older than 70 years. Basal ganglion was the most common site of hemorrhage, seen in 53.2%. Other sites from high to low in sequence were thalamic (20.3%), lobar (11.3%), cerebellar (6.1%), brain stem (4.1%), intraventricular (2.7%), and multiple (1.0%) or other sites (0.8%). Basal ganglion hemorrhage was most frequently seen in all age groups, but highest in those aged between 46-75 years and lowest in those younger than 45 years. Lobar hemorrhage occurred more often in those younger than 45 or older than 75 years. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (69.2%), followed by smoking (24.7%), alcohol abuse (16.5%), positive family history of hypertension (14.5%), coronary heart disease (CHD) (13.7%), history of cerebral infarction (CI) (10.5%), history of ICH (9.0%), positive family hi story of ICH (8.9%), and diabetes mellitus (4.4%). Yet, none of the risk factors mentioned above was seen in 16. 1% of all patients. Smoking and alcohol abuse were seen more often in men than in women. Patients older than 75 years had the lowest frequency of smoking and alcohol abuse, and highest frequency of CHD and non-risk-factor; Young patients aged below 45 years had the lowest frequency of hypertension, CHD and CI, but had the highest frequency of smoking and alcohol abuse; Patients of the 46 to 75 year-group, on the other hand, had the highest frequency of hypertension and CI. Hypertensive hemorrhage was the leading cause (82. 6%),other less common causes were vascular malformation (2.3%), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CM) (1.2%), aneurysm (0.3%), coagulopathy (0.3%), brain tumor (0. 3%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (0. 2%), and no obvious cause was found in 12. 6% of all patients. Those younger than 45 years had lower frequency of hypertensive hemorrhage and higher frequency of vascular malformation and other causes compared with older patients. Patients with an unknown cause were more common in those older than 75 years. On discharge, 44.7% were independent, 29.4% were dependent and 26.0% had died. Those older than 75 years had a higher 30-day mortality than other age groups.2. There were 441 patients (71. 1%) with GCS score of more than 8 on admission, comprised 259 men (58.7%) and 182 women (41.3%). The mean age was 61.3 +12.7 years (range 23-98, median age 61). Five point seven percent of patie...
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