A Study On Ecologcal Operational Systems Of Harvesting And Transportation Of Artificial Forest In Northwest Fujian Province

The studies on ecological harvesting in the past were usually aimed at wildwood, and the majority of the studies were focused only on the operation of cutting and skidding . The artificial forest resource condition is different from the wildwood . Its treespecies and the structure of standing forest is monotonous. The vegetation on forest land is less. The diameter-class of standing forest is lower .Traditional operation technology of harvesting and transportation in wildwood is no longer able to suit the condition of artificial forest resource. Few systematic studies on the operation technology of ecological harvesting for. artificial forests are reported both at home and abroad. So the launching of the study on ecological harvesting in artificial forests is of very important realistic meanings.The specific forest area in the research was the southern artificial forest cutting area in mountain regions . The sample plots were selected in Yuansha logging camps located in Yong'an city and in Dunyang logging camps located in Jian'ou city in the Northwest of Fujian province. First, through the test of operation , the effect of different modes of operation of harvesting and transportation on the physical and chemical properties of soil , vegetation and forest ecology of landscape was researched by conventional method of soil analysis and vegetation investigating.The results show that the influence of clear cutting on the physical and chemical properties of soil of different stand structures in forest lands are put in order by degree of disturbance. The result shows that forest land of Eucalyptus plantation is of largest disturbance. The second largest is the forest land of artificial mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaf trees. The forest lands of artificial mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata , Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation are the third and the last. The impact of clear cutting on the physical and chemical properties of soil of forest land of three kinds of different slopes as 16° ,23° and 30° is different. The change of the physical and chemistry properties of the soil of less slope forest lands is larger than the heavy slope forest land.The influences of different logging ways on the physical and chemistry properties of the soil are different. Logging methods are put in order by degree of disturbance by principle component analysis. The result is that clear cutting with dirt chute skidding is of largest disturbance. Theinterference influencing of the others from great to small degrees successively is clear cutting with walking tractor logging, clear cutting with push cart logging, clear cutting with manpower logging and clear cutting with suspended cable logging .The interference effect of farm vehicle on the physical and chemistry properties of the soil is much smaller than that of automobile.The plant species in bush layer reduced, while the herbaceous layer plant species increased after clear cutting. The interference influence of clear cutting on forest land plant of artificial mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaf tree is less than that on forest land plant of Eucalyptus plantation.The influence of different harvesting ways on forest ecology of landscape is different. The effect of select cutting on forest ecology of landscape is less than clear cutting on that. The disposing form of cutting area in an sequent plot arrangement is better, which can reduce brokenness degree of the forest.Second, through the experimental study of artificial forest logging equipment and technology for many years, two new models logging equipment with better economic benefits and ecological benefits, the SJ-0.4/2 light-duty remote control artificial forest logging cable and the JS3-I.5 logging winch, have been developed to suit artificial forest resource condition. In addition, the structure design of the traditional push carts for logging was improved. By improving the design, the operation security of push cart logging can be improved and intensity of workers' labor be...