Biological Activity, Mechanism And Security Of Essential Oil From Artemisia Lavandulaefolia DC.

More and more attention was paid on the problems caused by the chemical pesticides, for example, the environmental pollution, the casualties of the non-target organisms, and the resistance and resurgence of the insects. The development of the reasonable or environmental harmony pesticides, and the development of integrated pest management strategy (IPM) is becoming important parts of the modern plant protection work.Plants essential oil which smells aromatic, with high biological activities in various ways, low toxicity to the mammals, unpollute for the environment and food, is the important material for developing the new green pesticides, and has potential value and broad market. As the commercial succeed, using the essential oil for the insect pest control will be in a big trend.Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC. as a perennial herb with nematodes belongs to the Compositae, Artemisia. It has a wide distribution in our country, is mainly born in the road, the forest side, the hill, the grass, the offshore of the river and the lake. The plant used medicinally for dispelling damp and cold, temperating, and stopping bleeding. In clinical, it can applicated to acure the liver cirrhosis and dental care, fever, bronchitis, and other diseases.This paper mainly studied on the oil extraction rate of the essential oil extracted from A. lavandulaefolia by the Steam distillation (SD) and Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction (SFE), the biological activities, chemical composition, the efffection on the enzyme activities of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) of the essential oil which was extracted by Steam distillation, and the effection on the non-target organisms. The results are as following:1 The extraction rate of the essential oil extracted from A. lavandulaefolia by the Steam distillation was 0.45%; the extraction rate of the essential oil extracted from A. lavandulaefolia by the Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction was 0.45%. the extraction rate by the Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction was 2.73 times the extraction rate by the Steam distillation.2 The fumigation toxicity and the repellence activity of the essentil oil from SD to the adults of S.zeamais was significantly higher than that from SFE. The contact toxicity of the essentil oil from SFE to the adults of S. zeamais was is higher than that from SD, but no significant difference was observed.3 Essential oil were extracted from A. lavandulaefolia by Steam distillation and Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction. The constituents of the essentil oil extracted with those two methods were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-one compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by SD, and its main components were eucalyptol,α-4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol and et al.. Twenty-two compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by SFE, and its main components were cyclodecene, n-hexadecanoic acid and et al.. Six chemical compositions were the same in the essential oil extracted by the two methods, i.e. eucalyptol,α-4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, caryophyllene, [3aS-(3a.α,3b.β,4β,7α,7aS)]-octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-(1-methylethyl)-1H-cyclopenta [1,3] cyclopropa [1,2] benzene,'nerolidol and (-)-Spathulenol.4 The AchE, a-a-NA, ACP, ALP, POD activity of S. zeamais was obviously inhabited after treated with different concentrations of A. lavandulaefolia oil. These are in the similar trends, reduce the first,and increase later, then be smooth. The activity of GSTs was increaed in 2h, and with significant difference to the control group. The acticity was the lowest at 4h, and was lower than the control group.5 Results on non-target organisms safety evaluation:Acute oral toxicity tests on the mice, LD50 of A. lavandulaefolia oil was 2478.25mg/kg, the toxicity of A. lavandulaefolia oil belonged to the level of low toxicity. The acute oral toxicity tests and acute skin toxicity tests on the mice, and the acute inhalation tests on the rabbits showed that it had no response to the poison and death. In the acute inhalation tests on the rabbits, A minor irritation was observed at the begin, but when treated for 14 d, the experimental animals had no dead through the eye irritation test.The results of subchronic oral toxicity test showed that A. lavandulaefolia oil has no effect on weight gain in rats. WBC,RBC,Hb, LYM were in the normal range of fluctuation. AST, BUN, TP are all in the normal range of fluctuation, except ALT and CHO were increased and significant differences in high dosage group of male rats. ALT, CHO, TP were all in the normal range of fluctuation, except AST was increased and showed significant differences in treatment group of female rats. BUN was also increased and showed significant differences in high dosage group of female rats. The results indicated that A.lavandulaefolia maybe harmful to liver and spleen, the poisonous effect of A. lavandulaefolia to liver and spleen were still unclear.The acute toxicity test for Perepels, LD50 of A. lavandulaefolia oil was 3134.15mg/kg; the contact toxicity test for bees, LD50 of A. lavandulaefolia oil was 3134.15ug/bee; the inhalation test for bees, LC50 of A. lavandulaefolia oil was 488.72mg/L; the acute toxicity test for fishes, LC50 of A. lavandulaefolia oil was 31.38ppm. The results showed that, the A. lavandulaefolia oil may not bring significant allergic and exciting, belongs to environmental friendly material, So it is relatively safe in the process of production and use.