| The driving behavior is the result that the human, vehicle and environmental factor interact together. The research shows that 26% of the traffic accidents are caused by human and environmental factors. The highway landscape is an important part of the highway traffic man-machine environment system, and directly impacts on the psychological and physiological state of the driver, driving behavior, driving fatigue and traffic safety. Small longitudinal slope, large circular curve radius, long and straight line and the tedious landscape characteristics of prairie highway easily make the driver feel a sense of monotony and mental fatigue, so it finally leads to drivers'slow response, low attention, error increasing of estimating speed and distance, and ability reduce of percepts and processing information which seriously threats road safety. The study how the Prairie Highway Landscape impacts on psychological and physical behavior is beneficial to scientificlly construct prairie highway, reduce the drivers' psychological and physical fatigue and enhance traffic safety.In the dissertation two driver samples are selected to conduct preliminary experiments in the sections of mountains area road, typical prairie area road and comparison prairie road section. Collecting and analyzing ECG and eye signals by multi-channel physiological acquisition instrument, the author finds that the drivers'physiological responses on the three sections is different, and preliminarily determines that heart rate(HR), heart growth rate, heart rate variability(HRV), blinking frequency can reflect the driver's physiological changes in the process of driving. Then five drivers are chosen to drive at limited speed and non-limited speed on 100 kilometer prairie highway to collect ECG and eye signals, analyze the drivers'physiological variation regular during the driving experiment by indexes preliminarily determined. The drivers'traffic experiment verifies that the driver and the co-pilot have similar physiological variation regular. The co-pilot's heart growth rate changes from experimental indoor are related to that from experiment outdoor. Therefore, 22 samples are selected to conduct initially laboratory simulation experiment on the freeway, sections of mountains area road, prairie road section and laboratory simulation experiment on the section of prairie road section at limited speed, in order to explore various regular of physiological indexes of subjects in the process of laboratory experiment and prairie road section and look for similarities and differences between experiment indoor and experiment outdoor. It can establish the theoretical basis to annalyze prairie highway landscape impact on the driver's psychology and physiology in future.In the dissertation data of experiment indoor and outdoor experiment are treated and analyzed by statistical methods, and some conclusions are obtained. The main conclusions are as follow:1. Experimental section of the speed limits, driver's heart growth rate, some heart rate variability, the average blink frequency, the standard deviation of the mean of blink frequency per 5 minutes and the growth rate of blink frequency and other physiological indicators have large scale of change in 26-30 minute period. Through subjective questionnaire survey, it shows that 80% of drivers have discomfort or fatigue at the same time.2. In the experimental section of the speed limit, by respectively testing correlation of driver heart growth rate and blink frequency with driving time and the curve radius, it finds that only heart growth rate is negatively correlated with the driving time, and drivers'heart growth rate is negative with the increase of driving time in the process of driving. Compared by curve estimates regression model, the linear model of heart growth rate with the time going are established. Research also shows that negative heart growth rate occurrs at different period among the drivers of different temperament types.3. Research on data on non-limited experimental section, it shows that drivers'physiological indicators have large scale of change in period of the 22-26 minute. Combining subjective questionnaire survey, it shows that change of environment influence drivers'physiological indexes at the same time. Heart growth rate hasn't significant correlation with driving time, indicating that driving speed impacts on the heart growth rate.4. The result of experiment indoor and ourdoor at limited speed shows that the most drivers'heart rate and the heart growth rate fluctuat very small. It indicates that the driving speed of drivers in non-limited speed road is suitable for drivers to work. 04 drivers at speed of 134 kilometer per hour on non-limit speed road which increases by 65% than design speed. By analyzing the data, heart growth rate has a positive correlation with driving time. It reveals that if the driver drives at too low or too high speed in the landscape section of prairie highway, his heart growth rate has large scale of change with the driving time increasing and he is easily proned to feel fatigue. The results show that driving at the speed between 100 kilometers per hour to 120 kilometers per hour the driver feels comfortable. This shows that the comfortable driveing speed is 20 kilometers per hour to 30 kilometers per hour higher than the design speed, which indicates prairie highway alignment design is not very reasonable.5. The results of laboratory and outdoor experiment display that range of subjects' HRV indicators during experiment is different from the medical stardard value.But the sujects'heart rate, heart rate growth, heart rate variability, blink times have the same conherece with results of investigation questionnaire, Fatigue Scale and driving behavior ability's test value at the same time to reveal the subjects'discomfort and fatigue.6. Change trends of subjects' HR and HR growth rate with the time going are identical in the section of speed limit between indoor experiment and ourdoor experiment. So it indicates that outdoor experiment can be studied through indoor experiment.
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