The Comparison Research Between China And France's Migrant Communities

Urbanization and population migration are core issues of urban planning and related disciplines. Because a variety of reasons some problematic urban areas have inevitably appeared in the process of urbanization.And they need to be "urban renewal." This paper chooses some problematic areas in a specific type-migrant communities, and to study China and France's t existing policies to take for this particular type of urban areas. Then it gives some recommendations for China's policy system base on strongpoints of the policy system from France. (1) It has the possibility of comparison.The main migrations in China and France are different (from domestic or form overseas colonies), but the reasons for the migration (demand for labors in the Industrialization), migration patterns (from temporary to permanent settlement), migration problems (exclusion, employment and poverty) have many similarities. France is a special country in the Western world which has completed urbanization process in thirty years after WWII. (2) It has the necessity of comparison. The fundamental purposes of the urbanization are modernization and citizenization. But in China migrants who are in migrant communities may be excluded from the urbanization process. The migrants in French city are more difficult to modernize and citizenize than China (greater cultural differences).But after the urban renewal which purpose is social mixing, it has achieved good results, and China can learn some experience form France.The migrant communities which need urban renewal, in China mainly refers to specific urban areas which are inhabited by migrants from rural to urban:in France, mainly refers to specific urban areas (mainly in the Greater Paris area) which are the inhabited by former French colony (francophones). These neighborhoods have certain physical space and social space problems. In China, there are a large number of researches about urban renewal in these communities (involving researches about urban villages), and urban policy in France (la politique de la ville) is defined to specifically address these problematic areas.Data used in this paper is based on two resources:one is the field surveys in China and France, the other is the statistics and researches of authorities in China and France (China's data are mainly in Wuhan, Beijing and Shenzhen, France are mainly in Paris and Lyon). In this paper, values are based on social space of Neo-marxist theory, the main methodology is based on the diverse mixing of public policy analysis theory.This paper first comparing between migrant communities'existence of physical space and social space on the basis of the spatial distribution of them.Then it introduces two different policies'evolution and main content which are adopted by China and France and analysis their systems and their values.Finally, it gives some recommendations for China's migrant communities'renewal policy system, and makes it adapts to China's economic development process,in the same time, achieves the objective of promoting social integration. Meanwhile China's model of urban renewal plan also should gradually change form the single material model to the diversity planning model.The views and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)China and France's migrant communities have similar problems, especially problems of social space. China's migrant communities have some particularities in the form of the distribution and physical space, but the essence of them is still poverty concentrating which is caused by social space segregation for specific groups.To solve this problem requires is not only from the physical space, social space also needs to be recognized.(2) China and France's migrant communities'renewal policies are belong to urban renewal policy system, but China's renwal policy still focuses on the physical space's renewal, and relative neglects of the social space's renewal. France's France's migrant communities'renewal also includes physical space's renewal, but mainly makes it as a means of solving the problem of social space.Now the current policy of the French social space, especially in social space planning has been a certain system. Social space policy is different from the ordinary social policy, which is the result of social policy's "spatial turn". It makes social policy give priority not only for specific populations, but also makes priority for its particular sapce, thus ensuring the material renewal does not cause large-scale renovation of social space.(3) China and France's migrant communities'renewal policies are significant differences both in the policy system and policy value. China's policy system is mainly dominated by the local city government, and the relative lack of legal guidance and protection.France's policy system is mainly dominated by the central government and the rule of law degree and extent of public participation are relatively high. China's policy on the issue of the value has certain deviation in the efficiency, and lacking in a fair question.France's policy considers more in the value of fair, but has some problems in the efficiency, in particular of economic efficiency.(4)China's migrant communities' renewal policies should be optimized both in its system and value. Its system should promote the rule of law, the process of democratization and make the more migrants to participate in policy system. Its value should increase the efficiency of the whole society (not just economic efficiency) as the policy basis points, taking into account issues of social justice.(5) China's migrant communities'renewal planning as the final implemented policy should be added to the urban social space planning, and be mainly at the community level. Urban social space planning should include employment, education, health care, social integration and other aspects of content.The ultimate aim of it is creating community spirit in the particular space of community, and promoting social harmony.