Study On Emergency Management Of Marine Disaster In China

On the basis of the theory and methods of emergency management, this paper sums up the characteristics and regularities of China's maritime disasters, and analysis the mechanism and process of marine disasters. For revealing the characteristics and shortcomings of marine disaster emergency management system of China, this paper studies on the system's development and current situation, and analyses the historical experiences of our country. Learning from successful experiences of some Developed countries, this paper puts forward ideas and measures in some aspects of our country's marine disaster emergency management, such as management structure, mechanism, law system and contingency plan system, proposes the idea building a integrated and scientific marine disaster emergency management system which should be highly efficient.China is one of the marine-disaster-prone countries in the world. Especially, marine disasters make huge hazards in economic developing and social harmony in coastal area of our country, where economic is more prosperous, and population is more numerous than other areas. In China, some marine disasters are more common than others, which include storm surge, Billow, red tide, sea ice and green tide. It is storm surge that causes the biggest economic loss, and the one which hurting the most people is billow. This article makes an overview of China's marine disasters, describes causes, distribution and hazards of common marine disasters, summarizes their main features, grading standards and process, inducts their occurrence regularity. In the view of the interaction of disaster-causing factors and disaster-bodies, based on theoretical analysis of marine disaster mechanism, this paper puts forward the theory of marine disaster chain.This paper reviews the basic theories related to marine disaster emergency management, including the theories of emergency management, crisis management and risk management, which relating public emergency. According to characteristics of marine disasters and theories related with public emergency management, this paper studies the principles and methods of marine disaster emergency management. By describing marine disaster emergency systems of the United States, Japan and other developed countries, sums up some international experiences of marine disaster emergency management, analysis the trends of international marine disaster emergency management. This paper reviews the development history of marine disaster emergency management system of China, evaluates the present management structure, mechanism, law system and contingency plan system of our country's marine disaster emergency management.To enhance our country's marine disaster emergency management system, on the basis of theoretical analysis and experience reference, this paper puts forward to a number of plans for improving management structure, mechanism, law system, and contingency plan system of marine disaster emergency management of China. It is necessary to format an integrated marine disaster emergency management agencies-the National Marine Disaster Emergency Committee, to establish a marine disaster emergency command system which including a marine disaster emergency center, some professional emergency offices and an on-site emergency office, and to organize an emergency rescue system which involving of professionals and common citizens. In all processes which including prevention, warning, response, control and recovery, measures should be taken to improve the mechanism of marine disaster emergency management system, in particular in aspects of comprehensive support mechanisms, disaster emergency education and training, disaster information sharing, response mechanisms, public information guidance and emergency assessment. Government should also improve the legal system and contingency plan system to increase the marine disaster emergency management efficiency. Applying to the principles and methods of marine disaster emergency management, this paper also designs a marine disaster emergency management system for the city of Qingdao.