A Phylogenetic Study Of The Phoridae In China (Diptera)

Phoridae is one of the bigest families in the Diptera.Although the study of morphology of phorids has been well done,the study of phylogeny still is primary.Therefore to study and discuss classification status of Phoridae will play essential role in evolutional study of the Diptera.Although the classification and phylogeny of Phoridae were studyed,and deferent classification system of Phoridae were put forward by formers,many problems still were not figured out.With the view to this,therefore,the relationship and classification between genera of Phoridae in China mainland are analyzed and studied.In this paper the phylogenetic relationship of Phoridae is speculated,the sister groups and relationsip between genera is ascertained,diferent classification systems are compared and a scientific taxonomy system of Phoridae is set up.Sciadoceridae is selected out as the outgroup,character polority of Phoridae are analyzed by outgroup comparision rule.With Srict consensus analysis,Adams consensus analysis and Majorule consensus analysis,the phylogeny of 24 genera of Phoridae in China mainland are studied by cladistic analysis.The results of cladistic analysis show as follows:1.Monophyly of subfamily:The groups of Phoridae are divided into two subfamilies,including Phorinae and Metopininae,which is sister group and monophyletic group by Srict consensus analysis,Adams consensus analysis and Majorule consensus analysis.2.Relationship between generaThe groups of Hypocera,Borophaga,Godavaria,Chaetogodavaria,Latiborophaga,Ctenopleuriphora, Stichillus,Phora,Spiniphora,Psyllomyia,Diplonevra,Dohrniphora,Conicera,Chouomyia,Triphleba and Anevrina belong to Phorinae.The groups of Rhopica,Metopina,Trophithauma,Puliciphora,Gymnophora,Woodiphora, Phalacrotophora and Megaselia belong to Metopinniae.In Phoridae the relationship of Borophaga and Stichillus,Diplonevra and Dohrniphora,Chaetogodavaria and Ctenopleuriphora,Phora and Spiniphora,Metopina and Puliciphora,Phalacrotophora and Megaselia, Gymnophora and Woodiphora are the closest.In the first group,Anevrina,Phora and Spiniphora belong to the more primitive groups.The groups of Borophaga and Stichillus,Chaetegodavaria and Ctenopleuriphora,Diplonevra and Dohrniphora belong to the most evolutive groups.In the latter group Gymnophora are the most primitive;Metopina and Puliciphora, Phalacrotophora and Megaselia belong to the most evolutive groups.3.Classification and status of subfamilyIn this paper the groups of Phoridae are divided into two subfamilies,including Phorinae and Metopininae,in which the former involves 16 genera,while the latter includes 8 genera.Classification of subfamily is essentially consistent to the classification system of Schmitz(1929),but there are several different aspects comparing with the classification system of Brown(1992).4.Classification status of generaIn this paper Hypocera,Godavaria,Latiborophaga and Stichillus of Hypocerinae,Psyllomyia,Diplonevra and Dohrniphora of Aenigmatinae,Conicera of Conicerinae in classification system of Brown(1992) are transferred back into Phorinae by Cladistic analysis.Furthermore,the relationship of Chaetegodavaria,Ctenopleuriphora,Psyllomyia and Chouomyia in Phorinae are not figured out because there are some important difference comparing with other genera of Phorinae.At the same time,the relationship between Puliciphora and other genera in Metopininae still is studied further because special character of Puliciphora is diferent from the other genara of Metopininae. In this paper species used are all derived from Biotechnology graduate school,Shenyang University.