Study On The Landscape Ecological Security Over The Plains In Ebinur Lake Basin In XinJiang

This study concerned the ecological security assessment and prediction in arid inner lake basin. Guiding by the theories of modern geography, ecology, landscape ecology and ecological security, and using "3S" technical, scenarios analysis methods, ecological security assessment/prediction methods, this paper discusses the ecological security in Ebinur lake plain regions in the arid inner lands form landscape scales, and quantitative analysis and predicts the evolution tendency of ecological security and spatial characteristics in research area. The research enriches the study content of landscape ecology and ecological security, and is of important theoretical value and practical significances to guild the ecological construction, ecological environmental protection and restoration on Ebinur lake basin and the similar arid inner lake basins, and to promote the sustainable development of society, economy and ecological environment. The clew of the study is narrated as following.The first one is introduction. In this paper, we mainly introduce the study gist and significance, and then confirm the study area. Firstly, this paper pointed out that the Ebinur lake basin plain regions provided a significant, typical study object of arid inland lake basin in landscape pattern and ecological environmental changes, ecological security assessment and prediction, and so on. Secondly, this paper reviews the internal and domestic study about the ecological security, and considers that the current study on ecological security is generally at the primary stage, and the ecological security assessment is the foundation and the core of ecological security research fields. Based on the review, this paper put forward the study targets, main study contents, technical course and the academic measure of the research work.The second one is about the characteristics of landscape and wetlands in arid land, and the survey analysis of the research area. Firstly, this paper elaborates the concepts of landscape and wetland, and has analyzed the characteristics of arid land landscape and arid land wetland, and points out that the modern meaning of the landscape refers to a complicated system which has mosaic spatial heterogeneity structure. Arid land lake wetland is the one of the unique and very important landscape ecology types. Together with mountainous-oasis-desert systems(MODS) in arid land lake basin, the arid land lake wetland and the above three large scale systems constitute a coupling ecosystem: mountainous-oasis-desert-lake wetland(MODLS). This paper also proposed the landscape pattern evolvement disciplines of the arid land inner lake basin. Secondly, this paper has extensively analysis characteristics of the natural environment and social-economy of the research area and its main ecological environmental problems.The third one is to study the landscape ecological classification and the landscape ecological attributes, which is one of emphasis of this paper. First of all, this paper discuss the landscape ecological classification principles and methods based on remote sensing imaging features and "3S" technologies, and construct the landscape ecological classification system and has carried on the system to the research area. We consider that landscape classification is based on the scales. Near the global scales, the classification unit is the landscape zone, which is the most senior classification unit in the classification hierarchical systems. Landscape unit is the basic classification unit of the classification hierarchical systems. On the different classification scales, the different landscape units form landscape belt to landscape unit constitute a muti-hierarchical classification hierarchical systems. The landscape in the research area has been divided into 1 landscape categories, 3 landscape subcategories, 8 landscape classes and 13 landscape types. This classification system is regarded as the middle scale classification segments of landscape hierarchical classification system. Secondly, this paper analyze the each landscape's attributes form plant communities and soil types, so as to identify origins and properties of each landscape types, which laid the foundation for the paper's following study.The forth one is to analysis the landscape patterns and the indexes changes in research area, and the influence of these changes to ecological environment form the three different time interval. The results show that the landscape diversity and evenness indices, the patch shape indexes and the fragmentation indexes are not only have difference in the different regions, but also have difference in different times. Next, this paper analyses the change characteristics of the landscape pattern and the results show that, during 1990a to 2005a, the higher transfer-out rate of the various kinds of landscape types are the saline and alkaline land, the forest land, the lawn land and the Gobi desert land, and the higher transfer-in rate landscape types are the farmland, habitat land. But the results also show that the structure of landscape components does not have big change, and the Gobi desert land is still the landscape matrix of research area. At last, this paper analyzes the influences of these landscape pattern changes to ecological environment.The fifth one is to assessment and prediction of landscape ecological security in research area, which is the kernel part of this study. Firstly, this paper put forward indexes and formulas to measure the landscape ecological security degrees and analyze the landscape ecological security status of research area by static assessment and dynamic assessment. The results show that the conditions of ecological security can be divided into three layers. From 1990 to 2005 years, the proportions of regions with relatively lower indices is increased at first, then decreased, and present an increased trends overall. While, the proportions of regions with relatively high indices is decreased at first, then increased, and present a decreased trends overall. On the whole, the changes of ecological security conditions show a "V"-shaped trend. Secondly, combined with CA-Markov models and "3S"techinicals, this paper succeed simulated the landscape pattern of Ebinur lake basin plain areas in 2020a based on two different scenarios. Thirdly, we have analyzed the predicted results of landscape ecological security degree. It shows that in the A scenarios, the conditions of ecological security will be deteriorated in 2020a, the proposition of regions with high indices previously will be decreased, and which will be seriously constrained the development of society and economy. In the B scenarios, the proposition of regions with high indices previously will be increased, while the proposition of regions with lower indices previously will be decreased, and the ecological security conditions of research area will be improved.In the last, according to the analysis of static assessment, dynamic assessment and model forecast assessment of landscape ecological security situation of research area, and combine with the theories of landscape ecological function regionalization, the research area are been divided into three landscape ecological functional regions and seven sub-regions. From the project and management aspects, this paper put forward some measures, such as inter basin water transfer project, treatment project of salt desert in dry lake bottom and forming an integrated balanced landscape ecological protection strategy of MODLS ecological system, so as to make the regional economy and ecological environment sustainable development.