Research On Theory And Application Of Detecting The Thickness Of Ice Layer Based On Distinct Conductivity Of Air, Ice And Water

Air, ice and impure natural water (including general rainwater, tap water, groundwater, river water, lake water and sea water, etc.) have distinct conductivity. Among them, air has the worst conductivity, presents in insulation state; natural water has the best conductivity; situated between them is ice, which has weak conductivity. Based on the distinct conductivity of air, water and ice, integrating technology of numerous subjects, include hydrographic technology, electronic information handling, sensor and computer data, and communication technology form digital sensor to develop new digital sensor and ice layer detection system, which can realize fixed-point or distributed points in some region to monitoring of ice layer thickness in the course of icing and ablation continuously and automatically, which also can realize unconfined or confined detection of water level in freezing condition. The results of this study can be applied to fixed-point continuous and automatic monitoring of the ice layer thickness change, such as long distance water transmission canal, reservoir, watercourse, lake, polar ice, glacier surface layer, frozen earth layer and north inshore area. A kind of new detection methods and technical means are offered for north area winter hydrology automatic forecasting, calamity forecasting for river ice slush, safety operation of hydroelectric facility, geologic environmental monitoring! and the safety operation of road, airport and water port in winter, winter reservoir water quantity detection and polar region research etc. It is shown that the new detection method has important theoretical significance and practical value in the domain of hydrologic forecasting, environmental monitoring, calamity prevention and mitigation, polar region researchetc.The major achievements of this study are as follows:a. The systematic research on conductivity of natural water in liquid or solid state has been carried out, and the change of electrical conductivity in different temperature condition has been analyzed, based on above studies the conception of ice having weak conductivity is put forward.b. According to that air, ice and water has difference conductivity, the partition method of insulation layer (air layer) is put forward. Using the hierarchical theory that air, ice, water have different electrical conductivity, the method for detecting ice layer thickness, as well as the structure of the system is put forward this paper.c. The new sensor of detecting thickness of ice layer is developed for detecting the fixed-pointed of ice layer continuously and automatically.d. The digital detecting system of fixed-point in ice layer is developed in combination with single-chip technology, digital electronic information handling technology, and mobile communication technology.e. With the help of GSM technology in mobile communication, the detection of distributed-point ice layer thickness in some region automatically and continuously is realized.f. The new sensor of ice layer thickness and its data processing system is being used in the national scientific investigation campaign of South Pole, such as "gulf sea ice in Frydz" and the observation study project in periphery lakes and glacier change of the Zhongshan station.