| Research Objective: By utilizing existing physiological and biochemical measurement techniques,we aim to screen suitable indicators and methods for military training fatigue assessment in the field,analyze the characteristics of blood metabolomics related to military training fatigue,screen for blood metabolic markers related to military training fatigue,and provide simple and applicable indicators and methods for on-site monitoring and evaluation of military training fatigue,laying an experimental foundation for the study and monitoring evaluation of training fatigue mechanisms.Research Methods: This study focuses on 60 young male individuals aged 22.7±3.6 years old with a BMI of 20.11±3.45kg/m2.Two military training modes,field training(referred to as external training for short)and adjustment training before external training(referred to as external training for short),were selected as fatigue state and non fatigue state;The pre external training mode has low training intensity,short duration,light tasks,low pressure,regular routines,good training and living environment,and soldiers generally report no fatigue feeling,making it a non fatigue state in this study.Using subjective assessment,objective measurement,and non targeted metabolomics analysis of blood to monitor and evaluate training fatigue;The subjective assessment method adopts subjective scales,mainly including fatigue self assessment symptom questionnaire,fatigue self-assessment scale,Pittsburgh sleep quality scale,etc.The questionnaire method and scale scoring standards are used to monitor and evaluate training fatigue;The objective measurement method adopts physiological and biochemical indicators,mainly including grip strength,back strength,flash fusion frequency,blood pressure postural reflex,heart rate variability,blood biochemistry(serum creatine kinase,lactic acid,testosterone,cortisol,myoglobin,urea nitrogen,lactate dehydrogenase,blood glucose,free triiodothyronine,free thyroxine,total triiodothyronine,total thyroxine,thyrotropin,parathyroid hormone),etc,Grip strength meter,back strength meter,flash fusion frequency meter,sphygmomanometer and stopwatch,physical activity meter and heart rate sensor,blood biochemical automatic analyzer were used for measurement,and data from different states were analyzed and compared for evaluation;After the blood metabolomics samples were separated by ultra high performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC),mass spectrometry was used for mass spectrometry analysis.The positive and negative ion modes of electrospray ionization(ESI)were used for detection,comprehensive analysis and screening of differential metabolites,and search for potential biomarkers related to fatigue.The significance analysis of the mean values of the two groups of samples was conducted using paired sample T-test,and the percentages of the two groups of samples were tested using chi square test.Research results:1.Monitoring and evaluation of subjective scales for fatigue status(1)The results of fatigue symptom questionnaire showed that the total score of fatigue was significantly higher than that before external training.The scores of mental sensation,nervous sensation and somatic sensation were significantly higher than those before external training(P<0.05),and the fatigue degree of participants was slightly higher than that before external training(50.7%)(18.3%).The results show that the fatigue state of external training is obvious,and the fatigue symptom questionnaire is suitable for field monitoring and evaluation.(2)The results of the self-rating fatigue scale showed that the overall fatigue was higher than that before the external training,indicating that the subjects were generally in a state of moderate fatigue,mainly physical and mental fatigue.The effects of sleep and rest on relieving fatigue were more significant than those before external training,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)The Pittsburgh Sleep Scale and the measured results of the equipment were consistent in finding that the subjects had problems with sleep quality,the most prominent manifestation was insufficient sleep time at night,and the measured average was less than 6 hours per night.The sleep quality before training was generally better than that before training(P<0.05),except that sleep efficiency and hypnotic drugs were in normal state with no significant difference,the scores of other factors were better than that before training(sleep disorders,daytime dysfunction P<0.05).2.Monitoring and evaluation of physiological indicators in fatigue stateThe four physiological results showed that the grip strength of the right hand was significantly lower than that before external training(P<0.05);The back strength of external training was significantly lower than that before external training(P<0.05).The critical strobe time of flash fusion was significantly lower than that before external training(P<0.01).The results of blood pressure postural reflex showed that there were significant changes in the systolic blood pressure of resting blood pressure,the systolic blood pressure of recovering blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure after sitting up(P<0.001),the systolic blood pressure in sitting up(P<0.01),and the diastolic blood pressure in sitting up(P<0.05).Although there were significant changes,they all returned to normal blood pressure after two minutes,indicating that the BP postural reflex is not suitable for field monitoring and evaluation.Heart rate variability(HRV)results showed that the values of RMSSD,SDNN,SDANN,LF,HF and LF/HF were all decreased compared with those before external training,but all were within the normal range,with no significant difference(P>0.05).It is suggested that heart rate variability is not suitable for field monitoring and evaluation.The results show that the fusion frequency of grip strength,back strength and flash is suitable for field monitoring and evaluation of fatigue in military training.3.Monitoring and evaluation of biochemical indicators in fatigue stateThe results of biochemical indexes showed that serum creatine kinase was significantly increased before external training(P<0.01),and blood lactic acid was significantly increased before external training(P<0.05).The serum myoglobin level before external training was significantly higher than that of external training(P<0.05).Testosterone(before external training)was higher than that of external training(P<0.05),cortisol was significantly lower than that of external training,and its ratio was slightly higher.The results showed that blood lactic acid and testosterone/cortisol were suitable for field monitoring and evaluation of military training fatigue.The correlation analysis results of questionnaire and each index showed that there was a significant correlation between questionnaires(P<0.01),a significant correlation between questionnaires and the number of steps(P<0.05),and a significant correlation with lactic acid(P<0.05).There was no significant correlation among the others(P>0.05).4.Study on blood metabolomics in fatigue stateSerum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed significant changes in the expression levels of 25 metabolites,and identified that they were involved in five metabolic pathways including tyrosine metabolism,nitrate metabolism,phenylalanine metabolism,cancer central metabolism and necrotic apoptosis.Comprehensive(VIP>1,P<0.05,Phenylalanine,Stachydrine,Cytochalasin b,Oxamyl,Galangin and Morphine were selected by ROC analysis(AUC>0.8)and phenylalanine,Stachydrine,Cytochalasin B,Oxamyl,Galangin and morphine Nine candidate markers were N-oxide,1-deoxynojirimycin,Succinic acid n,n-dimethylhydrazide and Retrorsine n-oxide.citation The results showed that Phenylalanine,Stachydrine,Cytochalasin b,Oxamyl,Galangin,Morphine n-oxide,1-deoxynojirimycin,Succinic acid n,n-dimethylhydrazide and Retrorsine n-oxide may be potential biomarkers indicating fatigue states.Research conclusion:1.Fatigue symptom questionnaire,grip strength,back strength,flash fusion frequency,blood lactic acid and testosterone/cortisol can be used as indicators suitable for field monitoring and evaluation of fatigue in military training.2.Phenylalanine,Stachydrine,Cytochalasin b,Oxamyl,Galangin,Morphine n-oxide,1-deoxynojirimycin,Succinic acid n,n-dimethylhydrazide and Retrorsine n-oxide may be potential biomarkers indicating fatigue states.Lay the foundation for the next experiment. |
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