| Objective:To understand and grasp the dietary structure and intake of various nutrients of residents in Jiangxi Province,analyse the problems in the dietary intake of residents,provide a theoretical basis for improving the dietary structure of residents in the province and guide them to form a healthy and reasonable diet.Methods:Through a multi-stage stratified whole-group random sampling method,1 967 and 1 825 persons were sampled at each level according to district(county),township(street),village(residence)committee and survey household during 2010-2012 and2018-2020,respectively.The dietary survey was conducted by uniformly trained enumerators using the non-consecutive 3-day 24-hour retrospective questioning method,the weighing method and the food frequency method on the respondents.Intakes of various food groups and nutrients were standardised and converted based on the food composition tables and standard human coefficients,and statistical analyses were conducted using two independent samples t-test to determine the intakes of various food groups and nutrients of the population in 2010-2012 and2018-2020.Results:Between 2010 and 2020,the dietary intakes of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,fruits,edible oils and edible salt in Jiangxi Province decreased from 469.2 g/d,316.5g/d,66.9 g/d,43.8 g/d and 9.1 g/d to 408.6 g/d,236.3 g/d,47.4 g/d,33.5 g/d and 7.5g/d respectively;while the dietary intakes of animal foods,milk and milk and milk products and soybeans and nuts increased from 139.7 g/d,19.5 g/d and 16.6 g/d to177.8 g/d,21.4 g/d and 39.8 g/d respectively.The average daily energy intake of residents per standard person decreased from2467.32 kcal to 1958.72 kcal,protein increased from 68.50 g to 71.21 g,fat decreased from 78.43 g to 77.02 g,carbohydrate decreased from 370.98 g to 250.64 g and dietary fibre decreased from 11.64 g to 10.30 g.Residents’ The proportion of energy supply from the three major macronutrients,protein,fat and carbohydrate,changed from 11.12%,28.64% and 60.24% to 14.38%,35.00% and 50.62% respectively.Among the vitamin intake of the population,vitamin A,vitamin B1,nikonic acid and vitamin C decreased from 628.36 μg RE/d,1.01 mg/d,16.56 mg NE/d and 94.45mg/d to 466.51 μg RE/d,0.74 mg/d,16.44 mg NE/d and 80.79 mg/d respectively;while vitamin B2,Vitamin E increased from 0.78 mg/d,11.09 mg α-TE/d to 0.83mg/d,22.25 mg α-TE/d.In terms of mineral intake of residents,calcium,phosphorus,iron,selenium and copper increased from 369.16 mg/d,916.11 mg/d,22.56 mg/d,40.86 μg/d and 1.50mg/d to 373.05 mg/d,929.38 mg/d,23.23 mg/d,46.43 μg/d and 1.93 mg/d respectively;while potassium,sodium,magnesium,zinc and manganese decreased from 1671.51 mg/d,5410.43 mg/d,237.42 mg/d,11.53 mg/d and 10.43 mg/d to1490.11 mg/d,3349.94 mg/d,237.26 mg/d,10.26 mg/d and 6.31 mg/d respectively.Conclusion:The changes in the dietary structure of residents in Jiangxi Province tend to be reasonable in general,but there are still some unreasonable points.The intake of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,fruits,edible oil and edible salt is on a downward trend,while the intake of animal foods,soybeans and nuts is on an upward trend.The irrational structure of the diet was mainly reflected in the insufficient intake of vegetables,fruits,milk and dairy products,and excessive intake of edible oil and salt.The intake of energy,carbohydrates,dietary fibre,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin C,potassium,sodium,zinc and manganese showed a decreasing trend,while the intake of vitamin B2,vitamin E,selenium and copper showed an increasing trend.The irrational intake of nutrients is mainly reflected in the high fat to energy ratio,low dietary fibre intake,low intake of vitamins such as vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2 and vitamin C,low intake of calcium,and high intake of sodium and manganese. |
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