| BackgroundIn recent ten years,with the development of the living standard and consumption ability of Guangzhou residents,the dietary pattern of residents has also undergone tremendous changes.At the same time,with the arrival of aging and other trends,the prevention and control of chronic diseases such as hypertension is more urgent.As one of the three macronutrients for energy supply,fats have been found to be closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases such as hypertension.Therefore,it is necessary to master the current situation of fats intake in Guangzhou residents and its correlation with hypertension in adult residents.Objective and significanceTo analyze the dietary fats and fatty acids intake of Guangzhou residents and the prevalence of hypertension in adults in recent years,and explore the correlation between dietary fats intake and hypertension in adults,so as to provide dietary nutrition guidance and scientific basis for preventing and controlling dietary risk factors of hypertension.MethodsA sample population of residents in Guangzhou was selected and face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on the basic family conditions and risk factors related to adult hypertension;the food consumption,cooking oil and condiment consumption of the investigated subjects were collected by consecutive 3day 24-hour dietary survey,weighing method and dietary review method;the intake of dietary fats and other nutrients of the subjects were converted by the standard person coefficient conversion algorithm.A generalized linear mixed model was used to fit the correlation between different fatty acid intakes and hypertension in adult residents(≥18 years old).ResultsA total of 2473 subjects aged 3 years and above were included in this survey,including 1765 adult(≥18 years old)residents.1.The daily consumption of cooking oil of residents aged 3 and above in Guangzhou was 18.4 g,105.1g of pork,45.7 g of other livestock meat,60.0 g of poultry meat,35.6 g of eggs,68.6 g of animal aquatic products,88.9 g of milk and dairy products,and 88.9 g of snacks and other foods.2.The daily energy intake of residents aged 3 and above in Guangzhou was 2094.2 kcal per standard person,and the fat intake(energy proportion contributed from fat)was 80.3 g(36.6%),in different age groups,3-6 years old was 72.9 g(36.5%),7-12 years old was 80.8 g(40.2%),13-17 years old was 66.1 g(37.7%),18-44 years old was 81.9 g(38.0%),45-59 years old was 80.6 g(35.9%),≥60 years old was 70.9 g(31.9%);saturated fatty acid was 23.2 g(10.7%),in different age groups,3-6 years old was 19.9 g(11.8%),7-12 years old was 22.4 g(11.4%),13-17 years old was 18.7 g(10.9%),1844 years old was 23.6 g(11.0%),45-59 years old was 22.9 g(10.6%),≥60 years old was 20.4 g(9.0%);monounsaturated fatty acid was 28.8 g(13.2%),in different age groups,3-6 years old was 32.9 g(12.7%),7-12 years old was 29.4 g(14.5%),13-17 years old was 23.0 g(13.8%),1 8-44 years old was 29.6 g(13.8%),45-59 years old was 29.6 g(13.4%),≥60 years old was 25.1 g(11.3%);n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids was 12.6 g(5.8%),in different age groups,3-6 years old was 14.3 g(5.2%),7-12 years old was 13.0 g(6.3%),13-17 years old was 10.7 g(6.1%),18-44 years old was 12.9 g(6.1%),45-59 years old was 13.2 g(6.0%),≥60 years old was 11.1 g(4.7%);n3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids was 1.1 g(0.5%),in different age groups,3-6 years old was 1.2 g(0.5%),7-12 years old was 1.2 g(0.6%),13-17 years old was 0.8 g(0.5%),18-44 years old was 1.2 g(0.6%),45-59 years old was 1.1 g(0.5%),≥60 years old was 1.1 g(0.5%);cholesterol was 524.8 mg,in different age groups,3-6 years old was 488.3 mg,7-12 years old was 551.8 mg,13-17 years old was 517.4 mg,18-44 years old was 544.0 mg,45-59 years old was 537.1 mg,≥60 years old was 434.4 mg.3.19.13%of the residents’ energy proportion contributed from fat reached the recommended standard in the residents aged 3 and above in Guangzhou,and 74.08%of the residents exceeded the recommended standard;80.47%of the residents’cholesterol intake exceeded the recommended standard.4.20.2%of the fat of the residents aged 3 and above in Guangzhou came from cooking oil,and 62.0%came from animal food;11.7%of saturated fatty acids came from cooking oil and 80.1%from animal food;24.1%of monounsaturated fatty acids came from cooking oil and 69.4%from animal food;33.6%of n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids came from cooking oil,53.9%from animal food and 12.5%from plant food;42.7%of n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids came from cooking oil,43.3%from animal food and 14.0%from plant food.93.6%of cholesterol came from animal food,52.6%from eggs and 23.4%from animal meat.5.After controlling for factors such as gender,age,smoking,alcohol consumption,BMI value and sodium intake and other factors,the intakes of saturated fatty acid and cholesterol were positively correlated with hypertension,while the intakes of monounsaturated fatty acid and n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acid were negatively correlated with hypertension.Conclusions1.The energy intake of residents aged 3 and above in Guangzhou basically conformed to the recommended range of dietary nutrient reference intake of Chinese residents.Vegetable oil was mainly used for household cooking;the consumption of animal food was higher than the recommended range of the dietary guide for Chinese residents.Animal food was mainly pork and other livestock meat.2.The dietary fatty acid composition of the residents aged 3 years and above in Guangzhou was unreasonable,and the SFA intake was high.Except for the population aged 60 years and above,the energy proportion contributed from SFA of other age groups exceeded the upper limit of the acceptable range.Cholesterol intake exceeded the upper limit recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society.The energy proportion contributed from n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA met the recommended range.The fat food source of animal food accounted for a high proportion3.After adjusting for factors such as gender,age,smoking,alcohol consumption,BMI value,sodium intake and other factors,dietary SFA and cholesterol intakes of adult residents in Guangzhou were the risk factors of hypertension,and MUFA and n3 PUFA intake were protective factors of hypertension,suggesting that it should be necessary to reduce animal meat,increase the intake of aquatic products and plant foods. |
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