Using Social Cognition Theory To Study The Squaredancing Behavior And It's Influencing Factors Among Community Residents In Chongqing

Background: Physical inactivity is an international public health problem,and the proportion of physical activity of community residents in China is low than 20%.Physical inactivity can cause health risks and harms.In recent years,square dancing has gradually become popular in Chongqing and even the whole country,and is deeply loved by residents.More and more studies have shown that square dancing can improve residents' physical activity and promote their health.However,quantitative study using behavioral theories to explore factors that may influence whether residents to square dancing have not been found yet.Objective: This study investigated the situation of square dance exercise and social demographic characteristics among community residents living in Chongqing,evaluated the level of physical exercise of dancing residents according to the Chinese residents dietary guidelines(2016),used social cognitive theory(SCT)to explore the factors may influence whether the community residents participate in the square dance exercise,providing theoretical reference for attracting residents who do not exercise enough to participate in square dance exercise.Methods: Using cluster sampling method,40 community squares in urban and suburban districts of Chongqing were selected from April 2018 to August 2018.The residents who came to the square from 18:00 to 21:00 were investigated with a one-to-one interview questionnaire on square dance exercise.All residents who appeared on the square and whose age is older than 18 are included,and those who already did moderate intensity exercise for a total of more than 150 minutes every week without participating square dance,those who cannot do exercise due to any physical disease or disability,those who cannot understand the questionnaire due to hearing or intelligence limitations and those who are unwilling or otherwise unable to participate in the survey were excluded.1,732 residents were eventually included in this survey.The questionnaire consists of three parts: demographic characteristics,including gender,age,household registration,education level,whether to retire or not,and personal monthly disposable income;To evaluate the amount of exercise of the square dancing,including dancing frequency,dancing intensity,dancing minutes per week and dancing years;In the SCT part,the questionnaire was designed according to the results of existing literature and qualitative interviews to select the constructs of outcome expectations,outcome expectancies,self-efficacy,self-control and environment.Scores were assigned to the constructs of SCT outcome expectations,outcome expectancies,selfefficacy,self-control and environment,and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on whether residents danced or not.Gender,age,residents registration,education level,retirement,individual monthly disposable income,as well as the score of social cognitive theory construct(outcome expectation multiply outcome expectancy,self-efficacy,self control and environment)as independent variable,whether people participate square dance as a dependent variable,set not dancing = 0,dancing = 1,conduct the binary logistic regression to explore the related variables of social demography and the related theoretical constructs of social cognition and the influencing factors of whether community residents participate square dance.Results: Overall situation: among the 1732 residents included,939(54.2%)residents participated square dance,and 793(45.8%)residents did not.Among them,279(16.1%)were males and 1,457(83.9%)were females.The age distribution was 18-86 years(57.9 ±10.2).In the dancing resident group and the non-dancing resident group,the differences in gender,age,education level,whether retired or not,and personal monthly disposable income were statistically significant(P<0.05).Physical activity: Among the 939 square dancing residents,825(87.9%)spent more than 150 minutes danced in the past week.695 people(74.0%)performed square danced more than five days a week;879 people(93.6%)dance for more than 30 minutes a day on average.792(84.2%)insisted on square dance for more than one year.Scores of SCT: The outcome expectations* outcome expectancies score possible ranges from 0-80 points,while the actual score is 40.77±19.01.The self-efficacy score possible ranges from 0 to 8 points,and the actual score is 5.05±2.34.The self-control score possible ranges from 0 to 12 points,and the actual score is 6.23 ±3.29.The environmental possible ranges from 0 to 12,and the actual score is 9.14±2.56.Among dancing residents and non-dancing residents,the differences in the outcome expectations total score(p <0.001),self-efficacy score(p <0.001),self-control score(p <0.001)and environment score(p <0.001)were statistically significant.The outcome expectations total score(p <0.001),self-efficacy score(p <0.001),self-control score(p <0.001)and environment score(p <0.001)were statistically significant in the correlation analysis of whether residents danced or not.Binary logistic regression analysis: There were statistically significant differences in gender(p=0.034),retirement(p <0.001),personal disposable monthly income(p=0.002),self-efficacy(p <0.001)and self-control(p <0.001).There was no statistical difference in outcome expectations * outcome expectancies(p=0.320).Conclusions: Square dance was mainly performed by middle-aged and elderly women.The majority of square dance residents had junior high school diploma or below,and low-income,retired residents were the main group.Square dance has a good physical exercise function: More than 80% of square dance residents can meet the recommended exercise level in the Chinese dietary guidelines(2016);The residents dancing in the square has a good continuity.Social cognition theory was very suitable for the study of square dance behavior.There were significant differences between square dance residents and non-square dance residents in the outcome expectations,outcome expectancies,self-efficacy,self-control and environment,and these dimensions had statistical significance in the correlation analysis of residents' square dance behavior.Gender,retirement,disposable monthly income,self-efficacy and self-control were the significant influencing factors for residents to do square dance.Women were more likely to go square dancing than men.Retirees were more likely to go square dancing than non-retirees.Residents with high self-efficacy scores were more likely to go square dancing.Residents with high self-control scores were more likely to go square dancing.Square dance does have the function of physical exercise,however,what residents expect and attach importance to is not for physical exercise,and the promotion effect of square dance with the slogan of physical exercise may not be good.The government should pay special attention to building trust with the residents when encouraging the residents who do not exercise or do not achieve the standards to participate square dance.It might be a better choice to improve residents' self-efficacy and self-control through design and standardized training,actively provide social support,hold competitions and other means,and provide residents with opportunities and rewards for square dancing.