The Impact Of BIS/BAS Sensitivity On Depression And Anxiety Among Community Elders

BackgroundAt present,the problem of population aging has become a focused social issue globally.Caring for the mental health of the elderly is very important in achieving a successful aging society in our country.Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems,and their occurrence can seriously affect the physical and mental health of the elderly.Lots of studies have shown that BIS/BAS sensitivity is an effective predictor for anxiety and depression,but studies of possible mechanisms of influence between them are rare.So,this study hopes to explore the relationship between BIS/BAS and depression and anxiety among the elderly in the community,and further explore the possible mechanisms of cognitive emotion regulation between them.ObjectivesThis study was to understand the prevalence of depression,anxiety and their influencing factors;and to explore the mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies between BIS/BAS and depression and anxiety by structural equation model,which would provide the theoretical basis of intervention measures for depression and anxiety among elderly Chinese living in community.MethodsUsing convenience sampling,a total of 1076 adults aged 60 or over in Xinxiang were surveyed with general information questionnaire,geriatric depression scale,generalized anxiety disorder-7 and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire,BIS/BAS scale.Descriptive analysis,independent sample nonparametric test,correlation analysis and unconditional logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS22.0 software.The structural equation model was constructed by AMOS22.0 software.Results1.The incidence of depression in the elderly was 33.27%,and the incidence of anxiety was 23.88%.2.There were significant differences in both depression and anxiety scores among older people with different ages,education levels,types of chronic diseases,relationships with family members,average monthly income and physical status(P<0.05).In addition,the differences in depression scores among older people with different occupations and different numbers of good friends were statistically significant(P<0.05);the differences in anxiety scores between different genders were statistically significant(P<0.05).3.The results of regression analysis showed that BAS and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were protective factors for depression,and their OR values(95%confidence interval)were 0.95(0.93~0.98)and 0.93(0.90~0.95);Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were risk factors for depression,and the OR value(95%confidence interval)was 1.13(1.09~1.17).Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were the protective factors for anxiety,and the OR value(95%confidence interval)was0.96(0.94~0.98);The BIS and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were risk factors for anxiety,and their OR values(95%confidence interval)were 1.12(1.02~1.19)and 1.18(1.14~1.22).4.The structural equation model with depression as the dependent variable was well fitted(?~2/df=4.05,GFI=0.96,AGFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.05,CFI=0.95).Adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies played partial mediating roles between BIS and depression,the 95%confidence interval for Bootstrap test were(0.138~0.262)and(0.123~0.242);Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies played a partial mediating role between BIS and depression,the 95%confidence interval for Bootstrap test was(-0.081~-0.034).5.The structural equation model with anxiety as the dependent variable was well fitted(?~2/df=3.99,GFI=0.96,AGFI=0.95,RMSEA=0.05,CFI=0.95).Adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies played partial mediating roles between BIS and anxiety,the 95%confidence interval for Bootstrap test were(0.003~0.036)and(0.201~0.388);Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies played a partial mediating role between BIS and anxiety,the 95%confidence interval for Bootstrap test were(-0.170~-0.025).Conclusions1.The depression of the elderly in the community is at a moderate level,while the level of anxiety is higher.2.It suggests that the elderly with aged 60-69 years old,alienated from their families,lack of support from friends,poor physical condition,suffering from a variety of chronic diseases,low economic income,and low education level may be more likely to experience depression and anxiety.3.Both BIS/BAS and cognitive emotion regulation affect the depression and anxiety of the elderly in the community.Adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play partial mediating roles between BIS/BAS and depression and anxiety.