| Objective This study amied to described the prevalence of cognitive function,depression and anxiety of the elderly in Hohhot and explored the influencing factors of cognitive function,depression and anxiety,to find the High-risk population and to provide a theoretical basis for the future Research.Method This study was a cross-sectional study,all the data collected through field investigations.The demographic,chronic disease and medication information,behavioral characteristics,awareness of cognition and other data used by face-to-face questionnaire.Height,weight and blood pressure were measured on site.Cognitive function assessment used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(Mo CA).Depression assessment used the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Assessment Scale(PHQ-9).Anxiety assessment used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7).Dietary survey used 3-day 24-hour review method.Physical activity used the International Physical Activity Short Questionnaire(IPAQ-S).Dietary quality assessment used the alternate Mediterranean diet score(a Me D).Comparisons between groups used t test,ANOVA test or chi-square test,the influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression model.All data analyses used SPSS 22.0.Result(1)This study included 269 subjects,of which 55.8% were age between 60 and 70 years,and 149 were female and 120 were male;mainly Han nationality;(2)The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 78.4%.The prevalence of mild depression was 46.4%,the prevalence of moderate depression was 16.3%,the prevalence of moderate to severe depression was 10.3%,and the prevalence of moderate depression was 1.5%.The prevalence of mild anxiety was 51.6%,the prevalence of moderate anxiety was 11.2%,the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety was 9.3%,and the prevalence of severe anxiety was 2.3%.There were statistically differents in income groups and with or without a companion group among depression groups(P <0.05);there were statistically differents in nationality,income and with or without a companion groups among the anxiety group(P <0.05).There were statistically differents in sleep duration among the depression groups(P <0.05);there were statistically differents in smoking history groups among the anxiety groups(P <0.05).There were statistically differents in obesity among the cognitive impairment groups(P <0.05);There were statistically differents in stroke groups among the depression groups(P <0.05);There were statistically differents in groups of hypertension,stroke,and BMI among the anxiety groups(P <0.05);(3)There were differences between drinking groups among dietary quality groups(P <0.05);(4)The score of a Med was highest in the non-depressed population,and there were differences among depression groups(P <0.05);the score was highest in the normal non-anxiety population,and there were differences among anxiety groups(P <0.05).(5)The intake of Cereals,red meat and its products,fruits,vegetables,beans,seafood,and nuts were higher in people with higher dietary quality than those with lower dietary quality(p<0.05);the intake of saturated fatty acids,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,carbohydrates,protein,dietary fiber,vitamins A,C and magnesium,calcium,iron,potassium,sodium had been shown to be higher in people with high dietary quality than the people with low dietary quality(P>0.05).(6)The intake of vegetables and aquatic products were different between the depression groups(P <0.05);the intake of cereals,vegetables and eggs were different between the anxiety groups(P <0.05);the intake of total fatty acids,carbohydrates and protein were differences between cognitive impairment groups(P <0.05);the intake of total fatty acids,monounsaturated fats,carbohydrates,proteins,fats,dietary fiber,potassium,magnesium,calcium and iron were different between the depression groups(P<0.05);the intake of saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fats,carbohydrates,proteins,fats,dietary fiber,vitamin C,potassium,magnesium,calcium,and iron were different between the anxiety groups(P <0.05).(7)Compared with the people with primary school,the people with junior high school education was related to lower risk of cognitive impairment,and the OR(95% CI)was 0.225(0.073,0.690).Compared with the people with primary school,the people with undergraduate was related to lower risk of cognitive impairment,and the OR(95%CI)was 0.194(0.059,0.632).Compared with the lower dietary quality,the higher dietary quality was associated with lower risk of depression,and the OR(95%CI)was 0.205(0.102,0.413).Compared with the normal(lean)people,the Obese people was associated with a higher risk of depression,and OR(95%CI)was 1.444(1.168,15.381).Compared with the lower dietary quality,the higher dietary quality was associated with lower risk of anxiety,and the OR(95%CI)was 0.245(0.124,0.481).Compared with the normal(lean)people,the Obese people was associated with a higher risk of anxiety,and OR(95%CI)was1.444(1.168,15.381).Conclusion(1)Cognitive impairment,depression,and anxiety of the elderly in Hohhot were more serious.People were mostly in moderate to severe anxiety and depression level.(2)Approach to the Mediterranean diet could be related to reducing the risk of depression and anxiety.(3)In addition,high education was a protective factor for cognitive function.Obesity was the common risk factor for the depression and anxiety. |
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