| Kadsura coccinea,a evergreen woody genus belongs to the genus Kassura of the Schisandraceae family.It is native to China and parts of southeastern Asia,mainly distributed in the southwest to the south of China,and has high medicinal,ornamental and edible values.At present,commercial cultivation of Kadsura coccinea is still in its infancy,with little research on biological characteristics and cultivation management techniques.In this paper,We use the Kadsura coccinea as a experimental material to systematically study its biological characteristics and cultivation techniques(seed seedling,pruning,flower preservation and fruit preservation),and summarized a set of Kadsura coccinea high-efficiency cultivation techniques,which provides a theoretical basis for its cultivation promotion.The results show that:1.Biological characteristics of Kadsura coccinea(1)Phenological period:the Kadsura coccinea germination period is at the end of March and early April,and the bud period is in mid-April,from the end of April to the middle of June.During the whole flowering period,male flowers bloom 15-20 days earlier than female flowers,and the ratio of male flowers to female flowers is about 3:1;while the fruit ripening period is in early November.(2)Observation of several indicators of morphology:the shoots are cyan or reddish brown,and the lignified old branches are tan or taupe.The Leaves are leathery and single-leaf alternated,apex obtuse or shortly acuminate,and the overall appearance is long elliptic,leaves oblique upward,flat and margins slightly upturned,while the buds are single flower buds and leaf buds.The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils,the monoecious plants are different flowers,the buds are ellipsoidal in the initial and middle stages,then cylindrical shape in late stage.It have three bracts,the edges of which are rosy red,the middle is cyan,and the tip of the petals is slightly rounded and wrinkled,arranged in a triangle.40-60 pistils are concentrated in the expanded receptacle while stamens are single stamens with ovary upper position.The fruit is a aggregate,consisting of 40-70 small berries.The small growing berries are usually pentagonal or obovate,with the middle and lower parts inflated.Each small berry has 2-3 seeds,which is heart-shaped or ovate,and the seed umbilical is inwardly recessed,and seed has a thousand-grain weight of 307-318 g.2.Effects of Different plant growth regulators Treatments on Seed Germination Rate and Seedling Quality of Kadsura coccinea SeedsThree factor factorial design was carried out by using different plant growth regulators types and concentrations,soaking time and storage method.The effects of each treatment combination were evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that:The three main factors of the type and concentration of the plant growth regulator,soaking time and storage method all showed extremely significant differences among the indicators,the application of 200 mg/L GA3 solution,100 mg/L GA3 solution,40%NaOH solution and 1%CaC12+100 mg/L GA3 solution all can increase seedling rate,seedling height and ground diameter,among which,the The seedling rate of seed soaking with 1%CaC12+100 mg/L GA3 solution is the highest and up to 82%;The teratment of soaking time of 12h was higher than that of soaking for 8h in seedling rate,seedling height and ground diameter,and it has the maximum increase in ground diameter;among all the storage method,the emergence rate,seedling height and ground diameter of outdoor sand storage in winter were the highest.The result is as follows by using the membership function method:Soaking seeds with 1%CaC12+100mg/L GA3 solution for 12 hours,and then carrying out outdoor sand storage in winter,can greatly promote the seedling emergence rate of Kadsura coccinea seeds.3.Effects of Different Pruning Intensities on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Kadsura coccinea in Summer and Winter(1)The effects of different pinching methods on fruit growth and fruit quality were compared.The results showed that with the increase of pinching strength,the growth of branching and flowering decreased;The single fruit weight decreased with the increase of pruning intensity;In terms of fruit quality,in addition to titratable acid,soluble solids,soluble sugar,Vc,and edible rate decreased with the increase of pinching strength.So the results showed that 3-4 knots of pinching in summer pruning can improve the photosynthesis ability of plants,and the fruit quality is good.(2)Comparing the effects of different pruning strengths on fruit growth and fruit quality in winter,the results showed that:The results of different pruning strengths showed that the bearing branch growth and the number of fruits were higher than the control,among them,the results of the short cuts of 4-6 buds were significantly higher than that of the severe short cuts and the control;while in the fruit quality,different pruning strength,titratable acid,edible solids,soluble solids,soluble sugar and Vc were all higher than the control,among them the edible rate,soluble solids,soluble sugar,Vc content of short cut all significantly higher than severe short while the titratable acid content is slightly lower than the severe short cut.Therefore,it is considered that the use of medium and short cuts in winter pruning can promote the growth of its fruit quality.4.Effects of Different Flower and Fruit preserving Methods on Fruit Yield and QualityThe effects of different flower and fruit preserving methods on fruit yield and quality were compared by spraying 50mg/L gibberellin in flowering period,applying 15%paclobutrazol in pre-germination and 0.3%borax in flowering period,spraying 250 times of PBO in flowering period and 10mg/L 6-ba +10mg/L GA3 mixed solution in flowering period,the result shows:The fruit setting rate of different treatments were all higher than that of the control.Among them,the mixed solution of 10mg/L 6-BA+10mg/L GA was used in the flowering period,Except for the one difference between the number of fruit setting per plant and the highest one at 3d after the end flowering period,all other indexes were at the highest value of each treatment;In terms of fruit quality,in addition to titratable acid,the edible rate,Vc content,single fruit weight,soluble solids and soluble sugar of each treatment were all higher than the control,The edible rate,Vc content,soluble solids and soluble sugar exhibited by the mixed solution of 10 mg/L 6-BA+10 mg/L GA3 at the flowering stage were the highest in each treatment while its titratable acid is at its lowest value.Therefore,it is considered that the mixed solution of 10mg/L 6-BA+10mg/L GA3 can achieve the best flower-preserving effect and the best quality.5.According to the biological characteristics of Kadsura coccinea,Kadsura coccinea’s high-efficiency cultivation techniques were summarized from the aspects of seedling raising,garden selection,rational close planting,soil and fertilizer management,plastic pruning,flower and fruit management,as well as the pest control. |
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