The Research Of Commenting On Disguised-Woman Of Chinese Opera In Qing Dynasty

Chinese opera is flourishing in Qing dynasty,giving birth to the Pin Hua phenomenon means literati remark on disguised-woman in Chinese opera.At that time,this entertainment activity was deeply appreciated and welcomed by people,but disappeared after the founding of the Republic of China.To this lively past,the history of opera rarely mentioned it.At present,there are a few people in academic circle have begun to pay attention to the phenomenon and achieved some results in literature collection and arrangement,cultural of male denier actors,disguised-woman's literature and so on,but there are still some aspects worth digging deeply.This article takes the phenomenon of Pin Hua in the operatic circle of Qing Dynasty as research object,regards it as a dynamic behavior and explores the whole process of its development.The materials used include variety text of Pin Hua,literati notes and novels of the Qing Dynasty,hoping to a more comprehensive and systematic discussion on the phenomenon of Pin Hua,so as to add some content to the study of the drama history of the Qing Dynasty.This paper argues that the activity of Pin Hua went through almost the entire time of Qing dynasty,mainly in the middle and later period.The evaluation standard focus on appearance,talent,personality and pedigree,the content involves to actor's private information such as name,age,place of origin,theatre troupe belonging,plays of good acting and it's like.The Pin Hua has three main forms: inscripting,writing Hua Pu,setting list of Hua Dan,inscripting is simplest,the quantity of Hua Pu which retained most,and list of masked female roles which showed largest scale.This paper suggests that the action of Pin Hua mainly reflect four traits:epidemicity,entertainment,subjectivity and competitiveness.And Pin Hua elaborated different influences on actors,literati and drama of the Qing Dynasty.Finally,arguing that Pin Hua was not only enriched the content of drama history of Qing,but also highlighted scholar's artistic aesthetics concept in Qing,and concepts of improving actors' quality and wiping out erotic plays indirectly affected opera reform movements in the end of Qing dynasty,in a certain extent,promoted the development of Chinese opera towards to a more healthy artistic road.