Effect Of Water Deficit In Different Growth Stage On Water Consumption And Fruit Quality Of Vitis Vinifera Cv.Cabernet Sauvignon

Aiming at the problem of irrigation water scarcity in arid and semi arid areas,this research studied water saving effect of regulated deficit irrigation on Cabernet Sauvignon as a prerequisite to enhance high quality of grape,in order to provide the basis for the production of high quality grape under the condition of deficit irrigation.The final objectives of this research was to determine the product management model of grape in Yangling District of Shaanxi Province and to provide guidance for the development of grape industry in other areas.The experiment was carried out in 2015 using Cabernet Sauvignon as the research object under facilities cultivation.We used Full irrigation(FI)as the control group which accounts for the 60 %~ 80 % of filed capacity in the whole growing period;experimental groups with water stress of 40 %~54 % field capacity in shoot growth period(A),florescence phase(B),berry growth(C)and maturity period(D)with other growth stages under full irrigation.In short,the effects of water deficit at different growth stages on the water consumption,plant growth,photosynthetic characteristics,fruit yield and quality of the grape plants were studied.Then the irrigation schemes were analyzed in order to determine the optimal solution.The main conclusions were as follows:1.The trend in soil water content within 0-80 cm soil layer was similar in different treatments and the effect of drought controlled by deficit irrigation was weakened with the increase of soil depth.Total water consumption volume of FI,A,B,C,D were 462.16 mm,444.05 mm,420.86 mm,399.75 mm,413.57 mm,respectively.Water consumption of full irrigation was the largest while deficit treatment at berry growth was the smallest-the former was 15.61 % higher than the later.The maximum of water consumption modulus in the four irrigation treatments happened at berry enlargement stage except treatment C(water deficit at berry growth phase),accounting for 46.64 %(FI),48.62 %(A),49.72 %(B),45.06 %(D)of total water consumption respectively in the whole growing period: the minimum of water consumption in the four irrigation treatments at bloom stage,accounting for 5.90 %(FI),4.66 %(A),6.75 %(B),6.54 %(C),5.83 %(D)of total water consumption respectively in the whole growing period.2.The largest water consumption intensity emerged in berry growth period among thefour irrigation treatments-full treatment,shoot growth stage,flowering stage and veraison stage whose water consumption intensity were 3.84 mm·d-1,3.82 mm·d-1,3.77 mm·d-1,and3.79 mm·d-1,respectively.But in water deficit before veraison treatment,it emerged in berry maturity period with the 3.38 mm·d-1water consumption intensity,even though it was close to the value in berry growth period.The least value of water consumption rate of average daily of all the irrigation treatments emerged in stages of shooting in the four treatments whose water consumption intensity were 1.66 mm·d-1(FI),2.13 mm·d-1(A),2.17 mm·d-1(C)and 2.13mm·d-1(D),respectively,except treatment B.3.Compared with the full irrigation,treatments C decreased yields by 29.55 %.Yields of other water deficit treatments were not effected significantly.Water deficit at shooting stage could reduce the vegetative growth of new shoots,weight of cluster,yield,net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of leaves,while increase fruits' total acid and anthocyanins.Though there were no obvious effects on intercellular CO2 concentration,intantaneous water use efficiency,berry weight,reducing sugar content,soluble solid,tannin,total phenols.There was no significant difference between growth indexs except the diameter of new shoots of the treatment B.And fruit yield indexes were not significantly different between the other indexes except the decrease of cluster stem length and cluster mass.4.Water consumption modulus in fruit enlargement period of treat C accounted for nearly 50%,when water deficit led to serious production reduction of cabernet sauvignonthe weight and diameter of single berry are both minimal,with smaller ear whose weight decreased by 27.0%;reducing sugar and soluble solids reduced by 5.1% and 2.4%,respectively.Compared to the control,water use efficiency significantly reduced and titratable acid content increased.5.Compared with full irrigation,although the yield of water deficit treatment in fruit maturation period was reduced by 6.81% compared to the control.However,the treat can improved water use efficiency,increase the reducing sugar,soluble solids,tannins and anthocyanins of the grape and reduce the acid content.The method relatively have more advantages from the perspective of the grape production target.