| The shortage of water and soil resources is a key factor restricting the development of agriculture in China. With the development of society, the cultivated land area of China is getting worse and worse. The development of water resources is difficult, the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is uneven. Therefore, the vigorous development of non-cultivated land facilities industry and the establishment of water-saving irrigation as the main mode of resource-saving agricultural development model is one of the main ways to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of resources and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The experiment was conducted based on the combination of practice and theory from 2016.05 to 2016.12 in the 7th greenhouse in "Plateau Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Garden" of Tianzhu County, Gansu Province. According to the different irrigation upper and lower limits, there were six treatments, namely, water deficit in flowering period, pumping stage, flowering period, fruit enlargement period respectively and set the water irrigation as a control. The effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on growth and development, water consumption characteristics, yield and berries quality of grape in non-cultivated greenhouse were studied. The results show:(1) Under the condition of Regulation Difit Irrigation, the soil temperature at different depths showed a change of "increasing-stabilizing-decreasing" single peak curve in the whole growth period; the diurnal variation of vertical temperature profile shows a sinusoidal law, with the increase of soil depth, the trend is gradually gentle and the ground temperature peak is delayed;The soil temperature of RDI was higher than that of the high-water treatment, and the effect was more and more weakened with the increase of the depth.(2) The soil water content of different soil layers period showed tfirst decrease after the increase and then reduced in the whole growth. The greater the depth, the more gentle the change,the effect of regulation on the water content of the main distribution layer was significant in different growth stages; Under the condition of RDI, the vertical dynamic changes of soil water content in different irrigation periods were basically the same. With the increase of soil depth, soil water content increased first and then decreased and the change rate was more and more gentle, the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on water content is getting weaker. The water recovery of soil water content is obvious after normal rehydration.(3) The water consumption, water consumption and water consumption of grape was a bimodal curve of “increasing-decreasing-increasing -decreasing" during the whole growth period and the results were as follows: fruit enlargement period>pumping stage>flowering stage>coloring stage>germination period; Under the RDI condition, the grape crop coefficient is significantly lower than that of the freshwater irrigation and showed bimodal curvethe law of change, the order of size is: fruit enlargement period (0.84) >pumping stage (0.49) >coloring maturity (0.42) >flowering stage (0.37) >budding period (0.29).(4) Under the condition of Regulation Difit Irrigation, the effect of water compensation on water loss is significant in budding and pumping period, the plant height and stem diameter were the smallest berry enlargement period. The LAI of the total irrigation was the largest while the deficit was the smallest and the effect of water stress on LAI was not significant in the budding period. Changes in the growth and mortality of grapes in different growth stages have different degrees of promotion or inhibition, but the fruit "S" type of growth has no effect.(5) The photosynthetic characteristics of grape showed a different degree of reduction, the early water deficit and rewatering were beneficial to the increase of Pn, Gs and WUE in berries and Tr was significantly lower than that of control, the WUE was the largest in the sprouting period while all of these were significantly decreased during the blooming period. Based on the correlation analysis of photosynthetic characteristics, it is shown that the size of stomatal conductance Gs is the most important factor affecting the photosynthetic characteristics of grape and the size of the water content in the body plays a decisive role in the opening and closing of the leaf pores.(6) The effects of water deficit on grape yield and quality were significant, Germination deficit can increase the number of panicle and grain weight per plant, and the yield and water use efficiency are the highest. The results show that the Jensen model is closer to the actual result,which can reflect the water consumption of grapes at different growth stages by verifying the moisture production function. The water deficit irrigation at different growth stages is beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality, the differences of the quality indexes of the grapevine were all significant in coloring maturity and budding period. The water deficit in the fruit enlargement period is detrimental to the accumulation of glucose and anthocyanin and not conducive to natural grape late acid effect at the same time.(7) According to the comprehensive benefit analysis of grape under RDI Condition by Multi -objective Fuzzy Number Model, the tesult indicated that the water deficit irrigation during the budding period is the optimal water control irrigation mode which meets the local production requirements. |
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