| Tourism development is helpful to promote economic development, but it also brings a lot of negative effects to the natural ecological environment and human environment, and the sustainable development of tourism has always been the focus of attention and research.This study chooses the Jianmen Pass scenic area in Sichuan Province as the research object, and takes 2010-2015 as the research period.In this study, the combination of ecological footprint theory and tourism research.Estimation and analysis of tourism ecological footprint, tourism ecological carrying capacity, tourism ecological deficit or surplus of Jianmen Pass scenic area in the past 6 years(2010-2015) through the methods of literature review and data collection, field survey, questionnaire survey, tourism ecological footprint model and mathematical statistics analysis.And forecast the number of tourists, tourism ecological footprint, tourism ecological carrying capacity, tourism ecological deficit or surplus of Jianmen Pass scenic area in the next five years by using the regression analysis method.In view of the problems existing in the development of Jianmen Pass scenic area, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the sustainable development of Jianmen Pass scenic area.The following conclusions are drawn from the study:(1)In the past 6 years, the tourism ecological footprint of the Jianmen Pass scenic area is rising, and the rising speed is fast.Tourism ecological footprint in 2015(165072.57hm2) is about 4.41 times in 2010(37416.62hm2),an average annual growth of 25531.19hm2.At the same time, the per capita tourism ecological footprint decreased slightly, from 31.43198×10-3hm2 in 2010 to 30.06240×10-3hm2 in 2015, the decline was smaller.(2)The ecological footprint of tourism elements is not balanced of the Jianmen Pass scenic area, and the proportion of tourism transportation, tourism shopping and tourist catering is larger.The elements of the tourism ecological footprint average proportion from large to small in turn for ecological footprint of tourism traffic(67.80%), ecological footprint of tourism shopping(26.01%), ecological footprint of tourism catering(4.84%), ecological footprint of tourism accommodation(1.02%), ecological footprint of tourism(0.32%), ecological footprint of tourism entertainment(0.01%). Among them, only the ecological footprint of tourism traffic, the ecological footprint of tourism shopping and the ecological footprint of tourism catering accounted for 98.65% of the whole tourism ecological footprint.however, the ecological footprint of tourism accommodation, the ecological footprint of tourism, the ecological footprint of tourism entertainment accounted for 1.35% of the whole tourism ecological footprint.(3)In the past 6 years, the tourism ecological carrying capacity of the scenic area is stable and little changed.From 2010 to 2012, the tourism ecological carrying capacity of the scenic area increased slightly, and then relatively stable, a slight decline.The ecological carrying capacity of tourism in the scenic area in the past 6 years is approximately maintained at around 73500hm2. With the increase in the number of visitors each year, the per capita tourism ecological carrying capacity of the scenic area decreased from 59.24×10-3hm2 in 2010 to 13.39×10-3hm2 in 2015, the average annual decline rate of 24.07%.(4)At present, the scenic area has a certain degree of tourism ecological deficit. Tourism ecological deficit and per capita tourism ecological deficit appeared in the scenic area from 2012. In 2015,there is the tourism ecological deficit 91549.71hm2, which is 7.40 times in 2012, more than in 2012 out of the 79174.01hm2.In 2015, the per capita tourism ecological deficit was 16.67×10-3hm2, which is 3.66 times in 2012, more than in 2012 out of the 12.12×10-3hm2.(5)Tourism population growth is the main reason for the rise of tourism ecological footprint in Jianmen Pass scenic area.By predicting the trend of number of tourists, tourism ecological footprint, tourism ecological carrying capacity and tourism ecological deficit or surplus, we can know that the tourism ecological deficit of Jianmen Pass scenic area will continue to increase in the next five years. predicted that in 2020 the tourism ecological footprint(301910hm2) of Jianmen Pass scenic area will be 2.83 times of the tourism ecological carrying capacity(106632hm2), and the tourism ecological deficit(195278hm2) will be 1.83 times of the tourism ecological carrying capacity.(6)The problems of tourism sustainable development of the scenic area are: Increasing tourism ecological deficit, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the scenic area; Tourism population increase is the main reasons for tourism ecological footprint rise; The ecological footprint of tourism elements is not balanced, and the proportion of tourism transportation, tourism shopping and tourist catering is larger; The development of scenic resources is not balanced, tourists mainly concentrated in the Jianmen Pass Guanlou scenic area, to the scenic area has brought about too much pressure; The overall effect of the Jianmen Pass scenic area is not good, and it is not enough to play the role of radiation to the surrounding countryside. The countermeasures to promote the tourism sustainable development of the scenic area are: Moderate limit visitors scale, to reduce the load of ecological environment of the scenic area; Improve public transport, encourage public transport to travel, to reduce the ecological footprint of tourism traffic; Development of tourism products with special features, to reduce the ecological footprint of tourism shopping; Promote thrift, civilized dining, to reduce the ecological footprint of tourism catering; To strengthen the development of scenic area, to play the role of radiation driven; Strengthen environmental protection propaganda, improve the awareness of tourists traveling environmental protection. |
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