Study On Status And Influencing Factors Of Anxiety And Depression Of Parents Of Neonate In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

BackgroundRecent years, with the increasing of the psychological status research of the patients and relatives of hospitalized, research on psychological status of parents of NICU neonates gradually attract attention. Neonatal hospitalization is a kind of mental stimulation for parents. After the neonates hospitalized, the limited accompanying demand, worries of uncertainty prognosis and high medical costs bring heavy psychological pressure and economic burden to the parents of children, all of which make new parents having many negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity etc. Babies are completely dependent on the parents, any emotional change of the parents will plays an extremely important role on the treatment, rescue and rehabilitation of the babies, which may lead to the occurrence of doctor-patient dispute. Therefore, it is very important to explore the influencing factors of anxiety and depression status of parents of in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to put forward the prevention methods, and provide scientific basis for improving the mental status of parents of children with NICU anxiety and depression etc.ObjectiveThrough the survey of anxiety and depression in parents of neonates in NICU, to understand the current anxiety and depression status of the NICU parents, to determine the influencing factors of anxiety and depression emotion of NICU parents. To focus on these factors that causing occurrence of parents of children with anxiety and depression, to attract the health departments and medical personnel’s attention, to provide the scientific basis for developing targeted prevention measures and suggestionsMethodsA self-designed "newborns and parents general information questionnaire", Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used for the cross-sectional survey in the father or mother in the neonatal intensive care unit during the period from 2014 January to 2014 June in our hospital. The investigation includes four parts, the parents general information and mother’s perinatal situation; the general information and the disease condition of the neonates; the anxiety and depression status of parents and the main risk factor of parents’ anxiety and depression. EPIDATA3.0.SPSS19.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 19) were used for statistical processing, mean, standard deviation, percentage, percentage, constituent ratio, median, range and other descriptive index were used for general information; risk factors for anxiety and depression were analyzed by one sample t test, independent sample t test, single factor analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis.Results1、241 hospitalized cases were included in this study , of which, the most common case were premature,153 cases; followed by low birth weight infants,129 cases; pneumonia in third place,109 cases; the top fourth of the disease were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,81 cases.2、241 parents were included this study (father 192 cases, and mother 49 cases), anxiety exist in 143 cases, the anxiety rate is 59.34%; anxiety were found in 114 father, the incidence rate was 59.38%; in 29 mother, the incidence rate was 59.18%. father and mother’s anxiety scores were higher than the national norm, there were statistically significant differences.3、Depression were found in 144 cases among 241 parents, the incidence of depression was 59.75%, among which there were 115 cases of father had depression, the incidence of depression was 59.90%,29 cases of mother had depression, the incidence of depression was 59.18%. both father and mother’s depression scores were higher than the national norm, there were statistically significant differences.4、The single factor analysis revealed that the influencing factors of anxiety include underlying diseases of mother, gestational age, birth complications, children age, birth weight, birth hospital, hospitalization time, cost of hospitalization, with critically ill conditions, child basic diseases, ventilator use, resuscitation.5、The single factor analysis revealed that the risk factors of depression include educational level of parents, underlying diseases of mother, mother’s childbirth complications, fetal age, children age, birth weight, birth hospital, hospitalization time, cost of hospitalization, critically ill condition, children’s underlying diseases, the use of ventilator and asphyxia resuscitation.6、Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of anxiety state of parents include gestational age, basic diseases of babies, neonatal asphyxia recovery.7、Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of depression status include gestational age and neonatal asphyxia resuscitation.8、The most common causes of anxiety emotion in parents is fail to visit the children, in the second reason is that high costs in hospital; The most common causes of depression emotion in parents is the high costs in hospital, in the second reason is fail to visit the children, followed by worries for the prognosis of disease.Conclusions1、Parents of neonates in NICU is a high-risk population of anxiety and depression.2、The most common cause of anxiety and depression emotion in NICU parents is fail to visit with children; the second is the high cost of hospitalization.3、Gestational age are independent risk factors for parents’ anxiety and depression, the smaller the gestational age, the higher parental anxiety and depression scores is, parental anxiety and depression score reach the highest value when the gestational age is less than 28 weeks,4、The number of underlying diseases of neonates in NICU is an independent risk factors for anxiety, but not for depression.5、 Neonatal asphyxia resuscitation is an independent risk factor for parents anxiety and depression status.