Durkheim 's Spirit Of Autonomy And Its Enlightenment To Contemporary Moral Education

Emile Durkheim,is a famous french sociologist.The age he lives,is a period of capitalismchange sharply and also a period of economic development and social unrest.Durkheim uses theword anomie to describe the moral vacuum of french society.He thinks that the french society ofmoral crisis in essence is a problem of reconstruction of french moral order.As a result,he putsforward three theories of moral education.and hopes to save french in a mess.Durkheim sees themoral problems as social facts.Social fact refers to a special things.it exists outsideindividual.Everyone obeys its power of the way of behavior,the way of thinking and the way offeeling.He starts with social fact and puts forward the spirit of discipline,sacrifice andindependent spirit.The three elements of Durkheim’s moral content are very rich.The articleelaborates its independent spirit from four aspects.The first part mainly expounds the background and reason of the independent spirit.Helived in the unrest society and faced with serious moral issues.He analyzed the moral educationin the perspective of sociology.he regarded the moral education as social fact.At last,he analyzedthe independent spirit from dimensions.The second part is the interpretation of independent spirit.It is the moral sense.At the sametime,it is also a kind of self-discipline.He thinks the education should start at the beginning ofprimary school.It is the critical period.On the one hand,it relies on the abundant moralknowledge.On the other hand,it attaches great importance to the school education of theresultant force.Personality psychology and psychological internalization laid the theoreticalfoundation of independent spirit.At last,it puts forward several rational proposals.The third part evaluates the spirit from two aspects.It is the limitations and significance ofindependent spirit.Although the spirit is good for individual rational moral consciousness.At thesame time,it also has shortcomings.we should take the essence to the dregs and learn thereasonable content.The fourth part is the enlightenment of the spirit.In the future,we should try best to constructmoral education,in order to improve the effectiveness of moral education.