Land Resources Spatial Optimization Allocation

More people and less land is the basic situation in China, and much land transfer fromfarmland to construction land will be a reality in the phase that our country is now to speedindustrialization and urbanization. The land conversion will make important impact on thesecurity of food supplies, ecological security and societal security and which is theimportant support of the sustainable development of our country. It is a significant problemwhich needs to be studied imminently that how to achieve sustainable land use in theprocess of speedy development of economy. Increasing the allocation efficiency of land usewill be a necessity choice on the background of more people and less land. China is so largeand every region differ greatly in developing stage and resource storage, so every regionhas its own comparative advantages. It is surely to harmonize the economic developmentand land conservation to perform regional division of land use based the principals ofcomparative advantages, namely, land resources spatial equilibrium allocation.Economics majors in how to optimize the configuration of the rare resources, anddifferent economic theories devote different viewpoint in resources allocation. This paperhas reviewed the equilibrium and non-equilibrium theories on regional economicdevelopment, made appraisals on their viewpoints on resource allocation, and pointed outthat allocation under the conventional theories on regional economic has led to thedegradation of resource and environment due to their scarce considerations of theharmonization of economic, resource, environment and society. Based on the concept ofsustainable development, this paper has put forward the concept of spatial-equilibriumdevelopment, that is, a situation of harmonization between the capacity of regionalenvironment and the economic activities, under which the regional development isnon-equilibrium but the social welfare is equilibrium. Spatial equilibrium puts emphasis onthe comparative advantages between ecology and economy, and this paper has proved ontheory that spatial allocation of land resources based comparative advantages can lead tothe maximization of regional welfare of land use. The technical base to balance the landresource spatially allocation is the land suitability evaluation. After discussing the traditional land suitability evaluation methods and its shortcomings, this paper put forwarda new idea on land suitability evaluation which is base on comparative advantage.Base on the theoretical study, this paper takes Nanjing, Jiangsu Province as a case tostudy land resources spatial allocation. In this paper, theories and methods of geography,bionomics and economics are synthetically used to construct the framework of landsuitability evaluation, which based on ecological and economic evaluation. Base on theframework, this paper takes the town as evaluation unit, and appraise their ecologicalconservation value and economic value. After using the method of classification matrixintegrated by the ecological conservation value and economic development value, severalfunctional types, namely feasible development area, limitary development area, moderateconservation area, prohibited exploiting area, can be divided and marked out according tothe varied combination of the ecological conservation value and economic developmentvalue. Base on the classification of evaluation unit, this paper put forward the guide of landuse indices allocation in different functional type.