Research On Wetland Distribution Around The Huanghai And Bohai Sea Circle-Wetland Landscape Pattern Change Analysis In Liaoning Coastal Area

Wetland is known as the "the kidney of the Earth" and "the biological supermarket" because of its important environmental and ecological functions, it not only can provide the necessary survival environment for human, but also has an irreplaceable role in the protection of biological diversity. In recent years, the paces of urbanization in the coastal areas and large increase in population have made the interference of human activities on the wetland ecological environment become intense. Unreasonable development and utilization of human caused widespread destruction to wetland resources. The natural wetland is suffering continuous reduction and worsening fragmentalization.As a result, its function to serve ecology is put to pressing deterioration. How to effectively protect and restore wetland resources has become a research focus in the sustainable utilization of wetland in our country.According to the characteristics of the Liaoning coastal wetland landscape, this study makes artificial visual interpretation based on the2000、2007and2014remote sensing images, and then using ARCGIS software to get the Liaoning coastal wetland resources classification figure, at the same time, the related landscape index is calculated through using FRAGSTATS software. Through using transfer matrix and landscape metrics, this paper studied the land use and the change of wetlands landscape pattern of coastal area and its driving force from2000to2014, Results showed that:(1) The area of the wetlands increased year by year, the proportion of constructed wetland increased, while the proportion of natural wetland area reduced;(2) The wetland patches type diversity degree is reduced, the degree of fragmentation decline year by year;(3) The wetlands and the different landscape types undergone a transformation between each other, there are a large number of wetlands translated into farmland and, most of the artificial wetland has replaced the natural wetland;(4) Under natural conditions, there are mutual transformations between the natural wetlands;(5) The landscape pattern change is mainly affected by human disturbance, meanwhile natural factors are also an important element which cannot be ignored.