Spatio-temporal Pattern And Influencing Factors Of Coupling Grain Yield And Mechanization In Henan Province

The basic requirement for ensuring national food security is stabilizing grain production,and agricultural mechanization plays an important role in the process of grain production.The No.1 Central Document in 2023 stressed’ensure that the national grain production remains above 650 million metric tons’and’accelerate research,development and promotion of advanced agricultural machinery’to promote the rapid development of agricultural mechanization in China.Henan Province where the quantity of grain production is about 10%of it in China is one of the main grain producing areas in China.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the problems relevant to grain production and mechanization in Henan Province for both Henan Province and the whole of China.Based on the relevant theories and methods of geography,this paper takes Henan Province,a major grain-producing province,as the research area.On the basis of combing the relevant literature and theories at home and abroad,the grain yield is distributed to a grid of 500m×500m by using the grain yield grid method,measuring mechanization development level from two aspects:the mechanization operation level of grain crops（J₁）and the mechanization level of grain crops（J₂）,to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of grain yield and agricultural mechanization at the county,municipal and province and grid scales in Henan Province.At the same time,the coupling degree and coordination degree of grain yield and agricultural mechanization are calculated and analyzed by using the modified coupling coordination model.Finally,the geographical detector model was used to analyze the influencing factors of grain yield and the role of agricultural mechanization in it,to provide support for the high-quality development of grain production and agricultural mechanization in Henan Province.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）At the grid scale,the proportion of high-yield areas of grain is increasing but decreasing in low-yield areas and medium-low-yield areas.According to the area weight interpolation method of social statistics,the grain yield was spatially distributed to a 500 m×500 m grid with the land use data.The spatial-temporal pattern and evolution characteristics of grain output in Henan Province were analyzed on a fine scale,and it was pointed out that the medium-high yield area and the medium-low yield area were the key areas for the construction of high-standard farmland in Henan Province.（2）Grain production has gradually increased.And it showing obvious regional differentiation on different spatial scales.It showing overall upward trend for grain production of Henan Province from 2000to 2020.At the county and city scale,the total grain production is characterized by high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north.At the grid scale,the grain yield per unit showed a spatial distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south,high in the east and low in the west.From the perspective of grain yield increase,the regional difference of grain production in Henan Province is expanding.The grain yield of large production counties and cities is higher and increasing faster,while it was lower and increasing slower in the grain yield in Western Henan.The grain production of the municipal districts varies greatly,among them,the grain production function of Zhengzhou,Luoyang and some other municipal districts with rapid urbanization and industrialization is weakened.However,the grain contribution rate of Shangqiu,Zhoukou and other large-yield municipal districts is still very high.（3）The mechanization level of grain crops is generally high but there are also significant spatial differences.The mechanized operation level of grain crops（J₁）showed a pattern of high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north and the highest-value area was distributed in Nanyang Basin.The hot spots are concentrated in Nanyang Basin and Zhumadian and the cold spots are concentrated in Funiu Mountain area in Western Henan.All of hot spots and cold spots are developing from large and scattered to small and concentrated.The mechanization level of grain crops（J₂）showed a pattern of high-value scattered distribution and low-value concentrated distribution.The high-value areas were scattered in areas with relatively higher economic levels in various cities,and the low-value areas were concentrated in the Western Henan region;the hot spots are concentrated in the northwest of Henan and the cold spots are concentrated in the mountainous areas of Western Henan and the Pingdingshan area in Central Henan.The agglomeration ability of hot and cold spots has changed from strong to weak and the agglomeration range has changed from dispersion to concentration and then to dispersion.（4）The coupling degree and coordination degree of mechanization level and grain yield showed the same trend of slight decline but significant in spatial difference and the spatial and temporal evolution showed obvious regularity.The high-level coupling area of grain yield and mechanized operation level of grain crops（J₁）is located in Shangqiu,Zhoukou and Zhumadian,which are in Eastern Henan Plain,and the running-in area is located in the plain areas in the northeast,central,southeast of Henan Province and Nanyang Basin,showing a trend from scattered distribution in the whole province to concentrated distribution in counties and cities in eastern Henan Province;The low-level coupling zone is located in the Western Henan and the Taihang Mountains in Northwest Henan and its quantity have increased during the study period.The high-value area and the middle-value area of the coupling degree between grain yield and grain crop mechanization level（J₂）are staggered in the eastern half of Henan Province.The high level coupling area in the western mountainous of Henan Province area gradually decreased but gradually increased in Eastern Henan Area;the low value area is also located in the mountainous area of Western Henan and the Taihang Mountains in Northwestern Henan but significantly reduced.The spatial distribution pattern of the coordination degree between grain yield and grain crop mechanization operation level（J₁）,the coordination degree between grain yield and grain crop mechanization level（J₂）are basically similar.The coordinated development area is located in the Eastern Henan Plain,Nanyang Basin,and parts of Northeastern Henan.The imbalance recession area is distributed in the mountainous areas in Western Henan and Jiaozuo-Zhengzhou in Central Henan.The transition development area is located in the counties and cities where Funiu Mountain,Taihang Mountain,and Dabie Mountain transition to the plain.The coordinated development area of Nanyang Basin shows an increasing trend.There are some contiguous areas with decreased coordination in the counties of Zhengzhou City,Luoyang City and Jiaozuo City.（5）The total power of agricultural machinery,mechanical tillage area,mechanical sowing area and mechanical harvesting area have always been the main influencing factors of grain yield.The machine harvest area,machine sowing area,machine tillage area and fertilizer conversion amount as the main influencing factors of grain crops are relatively stable,indicating that the development of agricultural mechanization and fertilizer input are of great significance to grain production in Henan Province.The explanatory power of fertilizer conversion,financial support for agriculture,total power of agricultural machinery,and machine-sown area to grain yield is on the rise.The explanatory power of cultivated land area,proportion of primary employment,machine-cultivated area of grain crops,and machine-harvested area to grain yield during the study period shows a downward trend and the explanatory power of the proportion of non-grain crops to grain yield has been weak.The results of interactive detection show that the total power of agricultural machinery and the fertilizer conversion amount are relatively active influencing factors,which have a strong driving effect.The area of mechanical harvesting and the area of mechanical sowing of grain crops reflect the level of agricultural mechanization were also important interaction factors and played an important role in grain yield.