Study On The Distribution Of Income From Land Expropriation From The Perspective Of Marxist Political Economy

Land expropriation is still the main way of land circulation,but the rural collective land property rights are not clearly defined.Meanwhile,the land expropriation compensation system is not perfect,the game between the interests involved in land expropriation and the institutional lack of land expropriation income distribution leads to the unreasonable and unfair distribution of land expropriation income.The report to the Party’s 20 th National Congress proposed improving the distribution system to achieve common prosperity for all the people.Therefore,how to improve farmers according to land factor distribution policy system,promote farmers to increase factor income and property income through various channels,is an urgent problem to be solved.From the perspective of Marxist political economy,this paper comprehensively applies the theory of property rights,the theory of land rent and the theory of income distribution,as well as the research methods of Marxist economics,and draws on the reasonable research methods of western economics,to conduct in-depth and detailed research on the distribution of income from land expropriation.First of all,the behavior of the distribution subject interacts with each other,which has an important impact on the income from land expropriation.Based on the analysis of existing literature and field investigation,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the principal identity and behavior of farmers and collectives,local governments and real estate developers.The analysis results show that the three objects of distribution,namely land expropriation compensation fee,land transfer price and real estate price,corresponding to the three links of land transfer,namely "expropriation-transfer-development",have received very important influences.These effects are:(1)In the process of land expropriation,farmers rely on land and try their best to increase land expropriation compensation.In order to develop economy and implement regional development strategy,local governments will increase the price of collective land in the region,especially the price of collective land within the scope of urban planning.(2)In the link of land transfer,it is difficult for farmers and collectives to raise land development expenses,and market entry does not pose a substantial "threat" to land expropriation,while the government tries to change "raw land" into "cultivated land" to improve the level of social and economic development,so as to raise the level of land transfer price.(3)In the link of real estate development,farmers flow to cities and towns to improve the level of real estate price,while the government should raise the price of real estate to develop the social economy,the development orientation of real estate developers and the development of the industry should increase the price of real estate,and the continuous increase of total social capital should have a positive impact on the real estate price.Secondly,the distribution pattern of land expropriation income is studied in detail.The research shows that there is a large income gap among distribution subjects.The majority of land expropriation income is obtained by real estate developers,followed by local governments,and farmers and collectives only get a small part of the income.At the same time,land expropriation compensation fee,land transfer price,real estate price,land transfer main income distribution presents obvious regional characteristics.These characteristics are:(1)There is a large gap in land expropriation compensation fees across the country.More than 60% of provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)are lower than the average level of land expropriation compensation fees.Most of these provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)are located in the northeast and western regions.(2)In the link of land transfer and real estate development,a large part of the land transfer income belongs to a small number of regions,showing an irrational phenomenon in the region.(3)The proportion of land expropriation income obtained by farmers and collectives in eastern China is less than that in other regions,but the total amount is greater than that in other regions;The local governments in eastern and central regions obtained a moderate proportion of land expropriation income,while the local governments in northeast and western regions obtained an extreme proportion of land expropriation income.The real estate developers in eastern and central regions get more land expropriation income than those in less developed regions.The distribution subjects of the provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in the eastern region have the largest difference in land expropriation income,followed by the central region,and finally the northeast and western regions.(4)The research on the status of land increment distribution in land expropriation income shows that: A,B and C levels of land increment I,II and III all have obvious regional characteristics and great differences;The distribution ratio of increment I,increment II and increment III of Grade A,B and C land is,from most to least,real estate developers,government,farmers and collectives.Thirdly,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the main problems caused by the unreasonable distribution of land expropriation income and the suggestions for realizing the rationalization of land expropriation income distribution.These problems are mainly manifested in the lack of effective protection of farmers’ and collective land rights and interests,the excessive reliance of the government on the "land finance" economy,the weak sense of social responsibility of real estate developers,and the large gap between regional land expropriation income.Finally,in order to achieve a more reasonable and fair distribution of land expropriation income,this paper proposes that,first,we should formulate the price of land transfer scientifically,measure the compensation cost of land expropriation,land transfer price and real estate price more reasonably,and promote the price marketization of agricultural products.Second,we should improve the awareness of protecting the rights and interests of farmers and collective land by broadening the channels for farmers to learn the knowledge of land property rights and establishing the elite team in rural areas.Third,it is necessary to establish an Internet information sharing platform for land expropriation income,and establish an Internet sharing platform for land expropriation income between regions.Fourth,it is necessary to improve the supervision mechanism of land expropriation income distribution,establish a sound land tax system,establish land transfer guarantee fund and other policies and means to improve the supervision mechanism of land expropriation income distribution.