| Under the background of the digital intelligence era,the development of emerging technologies represented by nanotechnology,artificial intelligence,genetic engineering,has brought high-speed information flow,breakthrough research progress and facilitating lifestyles.There are also major hidden dangers and crises that are difficult to identify at present but may have far-reaching implications in the future.At present,the academic circles have explored the connotation and theoretical framework of responsible innovation,emphasizing the collaborative governance of heterogeneous stakeholders in a wider range.In addition,once the responsibility ratio is improperly attributed,it will lead to imbalance of responsibility,which will frustrate the enthusiasm of each subject and eventually restrict the long-term development of responsible innovation.Therefore,it is urgent to establish the collaborative mechanism of responsible innovation and clarify the responsibilities of each subject in the process of innovation.Since the end of 2019,the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia(COVID-19)has ravaged the world.Vaccines have become the fundamental hope for ending this human catastrophe,restoring normal production and living order,and ensuring sustainable economic and social development.However,the R&D of the new crown vaccine also faces issues of normative ethics,public safety event response,legal and regulatory issues.During the research and development stage of the new crown vaccine,if there is insufficient unanticipated risk information to guide the R&D work,it is possible unexpected risks will gradually emerge.This will require a high price to control the risks,and the effect is often not very good.Therefore,in order to break through the “Collingridge Dilemma” of COVID-19 vaccine research and development,it is necessary not only to include more stakeholders in the R&D process,but also to fully anticipate potential risks at the early stage of R&D and during the process.It can promote stakeholders to participate in risk decision-making discussions and implement the concepts and requirements of responsible innovation.Based on the above background,this article first proposed three stages of responsible innovation development based on the development and evolution of the vaccine industry: “government leading-government encouragement”→“government leadinggovernment regulation”→“enterprise leading-government guidance”.According to the policy characteristics of different stages,the optimal synergistic strategies of each subject under different development stages were explored from a static perspective.The stackelberg game model of government,enterprises and consumers was constructed,and the impact of the risk-bearing ratio,innovation risk probability and risk-economic loss coefficient of each subject on the decision of different stakeholders was analyzed.The impact of different factors on the profit of each stakeholder of COVID-19 vaccine development was analyzed by numerical simulation.Then,based on the above research,further considered the continuity of time and the dynamics of decision-making,explored the optimal synergy strategy of each subject at different development stages from a dynamic perspective,and established a stochastic differential game model of responsible innovation multi-agent synergy.In turn,it provided some theoretical basis for the multi-agent decision making of new crown vaccine R&D under the influence of stochastic factors.Finally,this paper used the evolutionary game approach to analyze the equilibrium strategy choice of each subject considering the situation of limited rationality and information asymmetry of participating subjects,aiming to reveal the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of each subject’s behavior.Further,taking the new crown vaccine R&D as an example,the influence of each parameter on stakeholders’ decision making was analyzed with the help of MATLAB to provide reference for the decision making and long-term mechanism of each stakeholder of responsible innovation.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)For enterprises,increasing the total revenue and reducing the cost of responsible corporate innovation are important factors for enterprises to implement responsible innovation.Under the different stages of responsible innovation,the higher the proportion of innovation risk borne by the enterprise,the higher the enterprise’s revenue.(2)For consumers,if consumers participate in responsible innovation,enterprises must implement responsible innovation,which reflects the key position of consumers in responsible innovation.Under the different stages of responsible innovation,the higher the proportion of innovation risks borne by consumers,the higher the benefits to consumers.(3)For the government,in the “government leading-government encouragement” stage,the lower the proportion of risk borne by enterprises and consumers in responsible innovation,the higher the government subsidies to enterprises and consumers.In the “government leading-government regulation” stage,the lower the proportion of risk borne by enterprises,the higher the government regulation of enterprises.In the “enterprise leading-government guidance” stage,as the proportion of risk borne by enterprises and consumers increases,government subsidies to enterprises and consumers are gradually reduced,and the total cost also decreases.(4)In the long term,there is a transmission pattern of “government→consumer→enterprise” for the concern of responsible innovation.Therefore,given the limited government resources,the government should give priority to the consumer group rather than subsidizing enterprises.In the short term,the government directly subsidize the R&D activities of enterprises or further increase the super deduction ratio of R&D expenses,which will achieve immediate results. |
