Marx And Engels’ Thought Of Urban-Rural Economic Relationship

The issue of economic relations between cities and villages has always been one of the hot issues of political economy.To solve the problems existing in the development of urban-rural economic relationship,it is inseparable from correct theoretical guidance.Marx and Engels’ thought of urban-rural economic relationship adheres to the basic position of the materialist view of history,and uses dialectical analysis methods to reveal the evolution process of urban-rural economic relationship and point out the ideal state of urban-rural economic relationship in the future.The study of Marx and Engels’ thought of urban-rural economic relationship has important theoretical and practical significance.This article adheres to the general idea of "from general to special" and divides the main text into four parts.The first part sorts out the conditions for the formation of Marx and Engels’ s ideas of urban-rural economic relationship.From the perspective of actual historical conditions and ideological origins,Marx and Engels’ thought of urban-rural economic relationship takes the exploitative reality of capitalist society as the starting point and seeks valuable sources of ideas from classical economists and utopian socialist scholars.It also tries to break through the concept of "urban-rural economic relations" in the general sense,and expounds the "urban-rural economic relationship" in the perspective of Marxist political economy.The second part and the third part mainly focus on the main content of Marx and Engels’ thought of urban-rural economic relationship.The second part,based on the classic expositions of Marx and Engels,analyzes the various historical stages of urban-rural economic relations,studying the general process of the evolution of urban-rural economic relations,and recognizing that the evolution of urban-rural economic relations is the result of the joint action of various factors,and expounds the driving force for promoting the evolution of urban-rural economic relations from the perspectives of productive forces,social division of labor and urbanization.The third part focuses on the particularity of the capitalist society in which Marx and Engels lived,and reveals the economic antagonism between urban and rural areas in capitalist society.Marx and Engels dialectically criticized the influence of the capitalist mode of production on the economic relations between urban and rural areas,which not only greatly strengthened the economic ties between urban and rural areas,but also intensified the contradictions and antagonisms between urban and rural economic interests,so that the economic antagonism between urban and rural areas reached its peak.Based on the negative impact of capitalist urban-rural economic antagonism,the fourth part is based on Marx and Engels’ vision of urban-rural economic relationship in the future,and clearly expounds the realistic path to achieve urban-rural economic integration.First of all,starting from the conditions of material production and social change,it demonstrates the possibility and necessity of eliminating the economic antagonism between urban and rural areas in future society,and it must also be recognized that this process is a long-term gradual process.Secondly,Marx and Engels’ assumption of the conditions for eliminating the antagonism between urban and rural economies is clarified,and the conditions in four aspects: material conditions,institutional conditions,industrial conditions,and economic organization conditions are extracted and summarized.Finally,based on the assumptions of Marx and Engels,combined with the actual development of urban-rural economic relations in China,we will explore and summarize the path of socialist society to achieve urban-rural economic integration,so as to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy between cities and villages.The conclusions of this article mainly include three aspects.Firstly,the urban-rural economic relationship is the embodiment of the production relationship at the urban and rural level,and its essence reflects how labor force and means of production are combined between urban and rural areas,so social productivity is the decisive force to promote the evolution of urban-rural economic relationship.With the change of the development of the productive forces,the combination of labor force and means of production has undergone the change of "unification-separation-unification",and the urban-rural economic relationship has also undergone the development process from undifferentiated unification,separation and opposition to integration and integration.Second,the evolution process of urban-rural economic relationship is a systematic development process,and its development process is adapted to the changes in the ownership of the means of production,and its various evolutionary forces are not separated from each other by playing a separate role,but are interrelated and work together with each other.Third,the negative impact of capitalist urban-rural economic antagonism is fundamentally due to the intensification of economic antagonism by the capitalist mode of production,and in the future the society will inevitably abolish the capitalist mode of production,eliminate the urban-rural economic antagonism,and the key lies in reversing the weak position of rural economic development.Therefore,in order to achieve the ideal goal of urban and rural economic integration,it is necessary to improve the level of rural agricultural productivity,realize the development of agricultural industrialization,promote the free flow of urban and rural production factors,and realize the integrated development of urban and rural industries.