Research On Indoor Positioning Algorithm And Parking System Based On Visible Light Communication

With the rapid advancements in wireless communication technology and the information technology industry,location-based service positioning technology is progressively assuming an increasingly essential role in both people’s daily life and work.In the outdoor environment,the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has been considerably developed,exhibiting an error range of a few meters,which can satisfy multiple positioning needs in outdoor settings.However,indoor positioning encounters complexities and variables such as signal attenuation,multipath interference,and various other issues,presenting some difficulties in comparison to outdoor positioning.Traditional indoor positioning technologies such as Bluetooth positioning,ultrasonic positioning,and RF positioning commonly display limitations such as high energy consumption,low positioning accuracy,susceptibility to interference,and instability of the positioning system,thus hindering the feasibility of indoor positioning applications and limiting the further development and promotion of conventional positioning solutions.Therefore,the research and development of new indoor positioning technologies become exceedingly vital.In this context,visible light positioning(VLP)technology has emerged,based on visible light communication(VLC).This technology employs light-emitting diode(LED)to transmit visible light signals and receive them through photodetectors(PD)or image sensors(IS)to achieve precise indoor positioning.Compared with conventional positioning technology,VLP technology features low energy consumption,low cost,no electromagnetic interference,and high positioning accuracy,enabling wide application in various indoor scenarios,such as airports,supermarkets,warehouses,hospitals,exhibition halls,and other places.It promises to bring people a more intelligent,convenient,and comfortable living experience,thus making the research of visible light-based positioning technology immensely significant.This paper first introduces and summarises the principles of traditional indoor positioning methods and their shortcomings.Then it focuses on the advantages and development prospects of VLP technology,and introduces the classification of VLP-based positioning methods.The visible light indoor positioning techniques based on PD and IS are discussed respectively,the visible light indoor positioning method based on SSA-ELM neural network and the visible light imaging positioning method based on CMOS image sensor are proposed,and finally the VLPbased indoor parking system is designed.The specific research of this paper is as follows:1.A novel approach for visible light indoor localization is proposed,utilizing the SSAELM neural network algorithm.The aim is to address the instability of the traditional ELM algorithm and its tendency to converge into local optima.To achieve this,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is introduced for optimization,resulting in the proposed SSA-ELM neural network algorithm,which is applied to visible light indoor localization.Experimental simulations are conducted,and the results indicate that compared to existing positioning algorithms,the proposed SSA-ELM neural network algorithm can significantly reduce the positioning error and improve the positioning accuracy,while also reducing the positioning time.Consequently,the proposed method can enhance the performance of the visible light positioning system and provide a new perspective for future research in visible light indoor positioning algorithms.2.A novel visible light imaging localisation method based on CMOS image sensors is presented.Firstly,to mitigate the issue of background noise and interference among LED light sources,an image processing technique is employed to convert RGB images into binarised images,which are then processed to reduce positioning errors.Secondly,to overcome the limitation of traditional positioning methods,which are constrained by the number of LEDs,a centre-of-mass positioning approach is proposed.This approach calculates the 3D position coordinates of the receiving end based on the 2D position coordinates of multiple LED light sources and their respective centre-of-mass points.Finally,the centre-of-mass and three-sided positioning methods are compared in two-dimensional and three-dimensional experiments.The results indicate that the proposed centre-of-mass method outperforms the three-sided method in both planar and three-dimensional experiments,thus demonstrating superior positioning performance.3.An indoor parking system based on Visible Light Positioning(VLP)technology is proposed.Traditional positioning methods face limitations in indoor car parks due to environmental constraints and signal attenuation,resulting in difficulty in applying positioning technology and limited accuracy.To address this issue,the VLP technology is utilized,where LED lighting equipment inside the car parks is used to precisely locate vehicles.The design of the VLP indoor parking system,including transmitter,receiver and display,is completed first.This is followed by detailed explanations of LED signal coding,image processing recognition and hardware equipment design principles.Finally,an experimental platform is constructed to test the positioning performance,where better positioning results are obtained even when the trolley is moving.This confirms the feasibility of the VLP system design scheme and provides a new implementation method and design idea for practical application of VLP technology.