Research And Implementation Of Blockchain Scalability Solution Based On State Channels

Blockchain is a distributed ledger that supports multi-party maintenance in a decentralized trust environment and serves as the cornerstone of trust for building the next-generation Internet architecture.As the user scale and transaction data grow daily,low throughput and long network latency severely constrain the development of blockchain technology in academia and industry.How to efficiently and safely scale the blockchain has become one of the key issues that need to be solved urgently.Without modifying the underlying blockchain protocol,state channel technology can move a large number of transactions off-chain,significantly improving the transaction processing performance of blockchains and reducing transaction costs.Currently,many schemes support multiple participants to interact within channels.However,they require complex routing algorithms to find effective transaction paths,and intermediary nodes need to pledge a large amount of funds to avoid channel congestion.Therefore,to improve channel efficiency and availability,this thesis conducts the following research on state channel expansion technology:(1)Propose an off-chain transaction method based on state channels.To address the problems of channel congestion,complex routing algorithms,and low fund utilization in existing schemes,we adopt a periodic batch execution approach for transaction processing and state synchronization,achieving efficient concurrent execution of transactions.To enhance channel flexibility,a dynamic membership addition and removal mechanism is used,allowing channel participants to freely join and exit channels.To resolve channel transaction disputes and protect participants’ funds,we use channel contracts to monitor malicious behavior of channel participants,ensuring that honest participants’ funds are not lost.We also design a transaction coordinator election mechanism based on influence scores,calculating election weights based on participants’ historical transaction behavior,channel fund balances,and performance as coordinators,and implementing weighted random elections based on oracle contracts.When the coordinator fails,we combine state rollback challenge mechanisms to achieve secure switching,improving channel availability.(2)Design and implement an off-chain transaction system based on consortium blockchain.To address the high-frequency,low-value transaction application requirements in a consortium blockchain scenario,this thesis builds on the Chain Maker underlying platform and state channel research scheme,using Golang,Chain Maker GO-SDK,and Lib P2P technologies to design an off-chain channel transaction client,implementing channel member joining,exiting,and offchain transactions.Additionally,we use the Chain Maker contract SDK to design channel equity contracts and dispute resolution contracts,managing channel account funds,and ensuring participants’ funds security through contract challenge mechanisms.To evaluate the cost overhead of the system,we perform execution cost analysis of various functional operations,verifying the feasibility of the implementation and providing a viable solution for highfrequency,low-value payment applications targeting blockchain platforms.