As a milestone in the development of outsourcing computing,the wide application of cloud computing has greatly satisfied the growing computing demands of outsourcing computing.However,due to the issues such as online payment and data security,and the trust between workers and outsourcers,have become bottlenecks hindering the further development of outsourcing computing.Therefore,how to implement trusted outsourcing computing services in a zero-trust environment is an urgent problem to be solved in this field.Fair payment,a candidate solution,realizes the trusted interaction between outsourced computing parties to a certain extent,which provides us with a research direction.However,many existing related solutions involve traditional e-cash-based.These solutions potentially harm the interests of workers or outsourcers,and in reality,it is difficult to obtain an idealized trusted third party.There are also some secure payment solutions based on blockchain.Although they use blockchain technology to solve the problem of trusted third parties,they also introduce zero-knowledge proofs,which brings a lot of computing overhead to cloud computing participants.In this paper,based on different blockchain technologies,we propose two secure payment schemes for outsourced computing cloud computing that are secure,credible,without third-party institutions,and no zero-knowledge proof.The main research results are as follows:1.Fair Payment Scheme for efficient cloud computing outsourcing computing services based on blockchain(EFPB).The EFPB scheme perfectly achieves robust fairness and good compatibility by integrating cryptographic components: one-way accumulator(RSA-based construction),stealth address and symmetric encryption.In EFPB,since the payment module is designed separately,the blockchain relied does not need to support token functions,which greatly improves the compatibility of EFPB.And due to the transaction fee in the blockchain,our EFPB overhead has also been greatly reduced compared to the other blockchain-based solution.In this paper,we give the system model,design ideas,and smart contracts design of EFPB in detail.Finally,we give a security analysis and compare EFPB with the existing excellent solutions from various aspects.The analysis results also show that EFPB has greater advantages.2.A lightweight Bitcoin-based outsourced computing fair payment scheme(LBFP).In this scheme,we also realize the fair payment of cloud computing outsourcing computing without involving a trusted third party.LBFP relies on the token function of Bitcoin,which simplifies the functional modules of the solution and realizes a lightweight design.The LBFP scheme also achieves robust fairness by integrating cryptographic components:one-way accumulator(RSA-based construction),Bitcoin-based time commitments,and symmetric encryption.In this paper,we describe the system model of LBFP and the design details of each phase of the system in detail.Finally,we give the security analysis of LBFP and the comparative analysis with other systems.The analysis results also show that our LBFP system is more secure and efficient. |