Research On Lightweight Blockchain Technologies Based On Edge Computing

Edge computing is the product of the development of the Internet of Things to a certain scale.It provides IoT users with faster computing,storage and data flow and other functions at the near device end,the integration of blockchain technology contributes to the safe and controlled flow of data in the edge computing environment.However,there are also challenges in integrating blockchain technology into the framework of the IoT of edge computing.The main bottleneck comes from the fact that the resource-constrained edge computing environment cannot meet the costs required for traditional blockchain system deployment.Based on this,this thesis carries out research on the lightweight blockchain technology based on edge computing.The main work and innovation of this thesis are as follows:1)A consensus mechanism based on multi-role hierarchical competence proof is proposed.Traditional consensus mechanisms such as(Proof-of-Work,PoW)based on mining involve a lot of meaningless hash computation,which is a great challenge to the edge computing environment with limited computing resources.This thesis proposes a consensus mechanism that uses the capability of edge devices as the election evaluation criteria,attributes the capability of edge devices to storage resources,computer operation resources and network bandwidth resources,and introduces the capability evaluation index as the key element of the consensus mechanism.This mechanism uses random numbers and cached data tables to solve the problem of searching the hash problem results without boundaries in PoW mechanism.All nodes maintain a cached data table,and the larger the cache capacity and the more powerful the node,the more chance it has to broadcast its election evidence more quickly and become the leader node.Experiments show that the throughput of lightweight blockchain system designed based on this consensus can reach 2000 TPS,which indicates that the proposed consensus mechanism based on multi-role hierarchical capability proof can meet the needs of real-time IoT data linking in the edge computing scenario.2)Propose the key technologies of lightweight blockchain.The traditional blockchain system requires strong computing power and network resources,which cannot be fully deployed in resource-constrained edge computing environments.Starting from parallelization,storage and network topology,the lightweight technology scheme of blockchain is studied,and the parallel partition ledger with cluster and multi-chain is proposed to meet the requirements of multi-source heterogeneous IoT data on-chain.A lightweight,recyclable and renewable tiered storage block structure is designed to greatly reduce the storage pressure of edge compute nodes.A lightweight partition selfgrouping network is built to adapt to the structure of multi-chain ledger,simplify the complex process of nodes joining the blockchain network,and support one node joining multiple partition chains.3)The application scheme of the lightweight blockchain system in the edge computing scenario is designed.Based on the proposed consensus mechanism of multi-role layered capability proof and the key technologies of dynamic block Lightweight of Blockchain ledger,a lightweight blockchain system model FLBC-IoT(Fast and Lightweight Blockchain for IoT)is proposed,and a blockchain system is implemented.In addition,based on FLBC-IoT,a“cloud-edges-end collaborative data flow and control system" has been built to realize the comprehensive control and record traceability of the blockchain system in the cross-system flow process of IoT data.Finally,a comparison experiment is conducted between the lightweight blockchain system proposed in this thesis and the traditional Hyperledger Fabric blockchain.The experiment shows that the FLBC-IoT blockchain system proposed in this thesis has higher TPS and can provide more stable and fast data linking service.To sum up,the lightweight blockchain technology can meet the needs of data storage on the chain quickly with its advantages of lightweight storage,consensus and network topology,and integrate it with the edge computing environment that provides near device end data bearing and computing capabilities to meet the needs of safe and controllable data flow in the IoT environment.