Sparse Technology And Its Application In 5G Array Antenna

In recent years,due to the improvement of network technology,the data traffic generated has grown almost exponentially.Just because of this situation,5G with its high rate transmission,great channel capacity and power capacity,and low transmission delay,has naturally entered our research field of vision.In the application field of 5G communication,millimeter wave technology is the most closely related to antenna simulation design research,and millimeter wave technology also promotes the further application of millimeter wave antenna in 5G by virtue of its unique advantages of narrow beam width,excellent directivity and stable propagation performance.However,for antennas with specific purposes such as base station antennas,they are often expected to have strong directionality and high gain,and even the pattern can be scanned at a specific Angle and other special performance.At this time,a single radiating antenna is often not up to the task,and multiple radiating antennas need to be arranged in a certain way to form an antenna array.However,the cost of the antenna unit is high.If the array is required to have high working radiation performance,such as high resolution,the scale of the array antenna will be large,the array elements will be increased correspondingly,and the production cost of the array will also rise correspondingly.Centered on the above antenna forms and their existing problems,this paper carried out the following work:To solve the problem of high cost of antenna array,a sparse solution of array is proposed.Under the condition that the radiation performance such as sidelobe height and main lobe gain of full array antenna array is not affected or the performance is decreased,as far as possible,the antenna elements are sparse,so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the production cost of array antenna.The proposed sparse algorithm is based on the wind driven algorithm,which has attracted the attention of researchers and been put into use since its emergence in recent years.The optimization performance of the wind driven algorithm is improved by internal algorithm improvement and external algorithm improvement.Firstly,starting from the algorithm itself,external factors such as interference are added to make the algorithm fall into the local optimal solution and run again.Secondly,starting from the outside of the algorithm,different artificial intelligence algorithms are integrated.The output of one algorithm becomes the input of another algorithm.After multiple optimization,the optimization performance is further improved.The simulation results show that the improved wind drive algorithm by the two methods can reduce the sidelobe value of the same array by about 5～6d B on average compared with the previous algorithm,which effectively proves the effectiveness of the improved idea and method.In view of the demand for millimeter-wave antenna in 5G environment,a millimeter-wave base station antenna is designed that can cover two 5G dual-frequency bands,24.25GHz～27.5GHz and37 GHz ～43.5GHz.The antenna of the base station consists of a radiating vibrator,a dielectric plate and a metal floor.The radiating vibrator is loaded on the lower layer of the dielectric plate,and is coupled to feed through the Barron microstrip line on the upper layer of the dielectric plate.In addition,array processing is carried out on the designed antenna unit to meet the high radiation performance requirements of the base station antenna,such as wide beam and directional radiation.Finally,the antenna array is sparsely processed through the previously described sparse algorithm,and the low sidelobe is taken as the optimization target to further reduce the production cost.