| Education is an important means to promote the accumulation of human capital and the progress of knowledge,the only way to rejuvenate the nation,a solid foundation for social development and progress,an important undertaking related to people’s livelihood,an important way for individuals to obtain social resources and achieve life development,and an important means to promote social fairness and justice.Over the years,the inquiry into the fairness of education has attracted extensive academic attention,and the Chinese government has also continuously increased the investment of educational resources and introduced education support policies in remote areas in order to improve the quality of education and balance the educational gap between regions.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to clarify the current situation of China’s education resource investment,explore the root causes of the inequality of educational resources,and put forward countermeasures to improve the utilization rate of educational resources.There are great differences in educational resources between regions in China,and the differences between provinces and provinces at the prefecture level are also very obvious,and it is necessary to use prefecture-level data to analyze the regional differences in educational resources.This paper uses the data of prefecture-level education expenditure from 2015 to 2020 to study the status quo and influencing factors of prefecture-level education expenditure,middle school teacher-student ratio,and primary school-teacher-student ratio in China.By combing the literature,combining the current situation of China’s educational resources investment,and using a variety of research methods,the following findings are mainly made:1.Prefecture-level differences in per student’s education expenditure.The per capita education expenditure of prefecture-level cities in China shows a trend of increasing year by year,and the top ten prefecture-level cities in terms of per student education expenditure are mainly developed coastal cities,while the last ten prefecturelevel units are mainly prefecture-level cities in Henan Province.The Gini coefficient measures the prefecture-level difference in per student education expenditure and finds that the Gini coefficient of per student education expenditure in most provinces is decreasing,that is,the inequality of per student education expenditure in the province is decreasing,and in terms of the Gini coefficient value,the Gini coefficient of most provinces is lower than 0.2,and within the bracket: the Gini coefficient in the first grade area shows a decrease in volatility,and the absolute value of the second and third and fourth grade areas has not changed much in recent years,and the overall volatility changes,and the second grade area has the highest inequality,the first grade,the third,The fourth gear is the lowest in the region.When using the Thiel index to measure the contribution of inequality,it is found that the inequality in education per student is mainly contributed by the province and the subdivision.2.The difference between teachers and students in primary and secondary schools at the prefecture level.Primary and secondary schools in China’s prefecturelevel cities show a trend of increasing year by year,and the top ten prefecture-level cities in terms of teacher-student ratio of primary and secondary schools are mainly remote areas.The Gini coefficient measures the prefecture-level difference in the per capita education expenditure and finds that the difference in the Gini coefficient of the teacherstudent ratio of primary and secondary schools in the province is relatively stable,the overall Gini coefficient is not much different,and the bikini coefficient of primary and secondary school teachers and students in all provinces is less than 0.2;while the Gini coefficient in the Gini coefficient is lower than 0.15 in the first bracket areas fluctuates and decreases,while the absolute value of the Gini coefficient in the second,third and fourth bracket areas has not changed much in recent years,and the overall volatility changes.When using the Thiel index to measure the contribution of inequality,it is found that the inequality of the Gini coefficient of provinces mainly comes from the difference between provinces and provinces,while the inequality of the file area mainly has the contribution of the file.3.Empirical research on the influencing factors of educational resource input.Using the education expenditure data of units across the country from 2015 to 2020,a fixed-effect model was established,and the per student education expenditure,middle school teacher-student ratio,and primary school-teacher-student ratio were selected as the explanatory variables,fiscal autonomy was used as the explanatory variable,and urbanization rate,economic development level,and openness to the outside world were selected as the control variables.The results show that financial autonomy is significantly negatively correlated with per student education expenditure and middle school teacher-student ratio,and for every 1% increase in financial autonomy,the per student education expenditure decreases by 0.027%,the middle school-teacher-student ratio decreases by 0.009%,and the primary school-teacher-student ratio decreases by0.010%.Different from the previous research,this paper uses the data of educational resources at the prefecture level for the first time,both the data and the topic are a supplement to the existing research,and the topic is cut into from the“Difference of educational resources at the prefecture level”,data on the use of ground-level data can better reflect the differences between regions.Based on the research findings,this paper makes a detailed summary of the differences of educational resources at the prefecture level,and puts forward the feasible countermeasures for optimizing educational resources: first,perfecting the allocation of educational funds and optimizing the decentralization of government;Third,strengthen the teaching staff. |
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