Measurement Of Education Mismatch In My Country, Its Influencing Factors And Its Impact On Employment Qualit

With the continuous development of China’s education level and the improvement of economic level,there are more and more highly educated talents in the labor market.The increase in the proportion of highly educated workers in the labor market,while promoting economic growth in the long run,has also led to the emergence of negative phenomena such as "high talent but low achievement" and "educational in-roll".Currently,academics believe that these phenomena are the result of the mismatch between educational resources and human capital,which is not fully utilized.Over-education and undereducation are the two major aspects of educational mismatch,and the problem of over-education occurs when the level of education required for workers to perform their jobs is lower than the actual level of education of the workers themselves,and vice versa.Based on the data of CFPS 2018,this article measures the current situation of education mismatch in China,analyzes what factors will affect education mismatch,and analyzes the impact of workers’ education mismatch on their wages and satisfaction.First,this paper measures the current situation of education mismatch in China based on Stochastic Frontier Approach(SFA),which,compared with the traditional methods of measuring education mismatch,can fully take into account the unobserved characteristics of micro data in the model,and thus can accurately measure the current situation of education mismatch in China.The results of the measurement show that there is a certain degree of education mismatch in China,and the measured education mismatch rate in this paper is29.84%,among which the incidence of over-education is 16.87% and the incidence of under-education is 12.97%.Second,this paper uses the method of logistic regression to analyze the elements affecting overeducation and undereducation,and the results show that the degree of education received by an individual is very important in influencing overeducation and undereducation,the higher the educational level,the higher the incidence of overeducation and the lower the incidence of undereducation.Household registration is also an important factor affecting overeducation and undereducation,non-agricultural households are more likely to be overeducated and less likely to be undereducated than agricultural ones.In addition,China’s education mismatch shows regional unevenness,with higher rates of overeducation in the east-central region than in the northwestern region and lower rates of undereducation than in the northwestern region.In terms of industry characteristics,the incidence of overeducation is lower in the tertiary industry,and the likelihood of overeducation is lower in institutions compared to government agencies,but the incidence of undereducation is higher in institutions.As the size of enterprises increases,the likelihood of overeducation is lower,but the effect of enterprise size on undereducation is not significant.In addition,this paper uses the random forest algorithm in machine learning,which can help identify the indicators that most affect overeducation and undereducation.The results show that education level,job nature,and geography are the three factors that most influence the incidence of overeducation;while education level,household registration,and geography are the three factors that most influence the incidence of undereducation.Next,this paper used a V-V model to explore the effect of educational mismatch on income and an ordered logistic regression to explore the effect on job satisfaction.The results showed that overeducated individuals suffered a wage penalty effect relative to moderately educated individuals with the same education,with their wages being 12.59% lower on average,and in addition,overeducated individuals had lower job satisfaction,with their job satisfaction being 0.309 lower on average;in contrast,undereducated individuals had a wage spillover effect,with undereducated individuals receiving 10.74% more wages on average,and In contrast,the undereducated had a wage spillover effect,with the undereducated earning 10.74% more wages on average,and job satisfaction was 0.0679 higher on average.Finally,this paper makes suggestions from four major aspects: students need to clarify their career goals and choose the most suitable jobs;schools need to reasonably arrange their majors according to the market situation,and reasonably offer courses and do a good job guidance;companies should not put education in the first place,but should select talents with the personal ability of the employed and create a good employment environment;The government should attach importance to the problem of employment and take various measures to solve the difficult employment problem.