The Impact Of Migration Experience On The Employment Quality Of Migrant Workers’ Children

As the offspring of the first generation of migrant workers,their employment quality in the urban labor market reflects the process of citizenization of migrant workers and the process of urban-rural integration in the urban labor market.Existing studies show that human capital and social capital are important factors affecting the employment quality of individuals,and the accumulation of these capital can be traced back to their childhood experiences.Children migrate to cities with their parents when they are young,or they are left in rural areas,which are two different family and social environments in their growth.It may form different early development,and then affect their employment quality after entering the labor market.On the basis of combing related literature on employment quality,this paper selects four dimensions of employment quality observation,such as wage level,occupational reputation,labor intensity and job stability,and construct employment quality index to measure employment quality of offspring of migrant workers.Based on the theory of human capital and social capital,combined with family function theory,immigrant assimilation theory and social exclusion theory,the theoretical framework of "migration" →human capital and social capital → employment quality is constructed.Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)in 2017,this paper estimated the impact of migration on offspring’s employment quality,the mechanism and the heterogeneity,in order to provide valuable basic information for local governments to optimize migrant labor related policies and family migration decisions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The migration experience of migrant workers’ children helps to improve their employment quality,and this experience increases the employment quality index by 3.035-3.532.This impact is also found in all dimensions of employment quality,which is significantly greater than 0.Creating conditions for migrant workers’ families to be able to work in cities with their children is of positive significance to promoting the citizenization of migrant workers and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas.(2)Human capital and social capital play a key role in the positive effects through the "migration" experience.The improvement of employment quality is achieved through the complete intermediary of human capital and social capital.In comparison,human capital plays a more important function.In the dimension of career prestige,the promotion effect of "following relocation" experience is realized through the intermediary of human capital factors,while the intermediary effect of social capital is not significant.In the other three dimensions,the intermediary effect ratio between human capital factors and social capital factors is 1.26-2.53:1.The city government should pay attention to let the children of migrant workers enter the public education system at all levels and enjoy the equal right to education.(3)Compared with the individuals who have stayed behind before "moving with",the individuals who have not been left behind and far away from their parents,their "moving with" experience has a stronger effect on improving the employment quality.This information is consistent with the above(1),and reflects the necessity and importance of promoting local governments to open up basic public services and strive to create conditions for migrant workers to work in cities with their children.Especially in those cities with advanced development(top50% CDI),the positive effect of "migration" on the employment quality of migrant workers’ children is more significant.However,these cities are also cities with greater demand for migrant workers.Therefore,conditions should be created to open basic public services.(4)For both men and women,"migration" experience contributes to improving the quality of employment.For men,the return of "migration" is mainly reflected in the improvement of salary level,while for women,it is more reflected in the improvement of occupational reputation,job stability and the reduction of labor intensity,so that girls can also enjoy the opportunity to move to cities with their parents,which can promote gender equality in the Labour market.