Research On Teaching Strategies Of Constructing The Cognitive Structure Of Geographical Elements

The essence of the cognitive structure of geographical elements is the network knowledge of structure of geographical elements formed by learners in their minds.A good cognitive structure of geographical elements can enable individuals to grasp the relationship between geographical elements,which is in line with the integration of elements in cultivating students’ comprehensive thinking,provides rich knowledge base and thinking strategies for learners to learn geographical knowledge,and promotes the learning and migration of new knowledge.In view of this,based on the theory of cognitive structure,this paper puts forward the teaching of cultivating students’ cognitive structure of geographical elements to help students build a complete,logical and hierarchical cognitive structure of geographical elements.Through literature research,it is found that cognitive learning theory has a profound foundation.Among of them,the Information processing theory,holds that individuals need to pay attention,recognize,convert,store and extract information.Jean Piaget believes that individuals can promote the development of schema through assimilation and adaptation.Jerome Bruner thinks that the best way for students to build their internal cognitive structure is discovery.David Ausubel believes that meaningful learning can promote the development of individual cognitive structure;The theory of constructivism holds that advance knowledge,multiple perspectives,self-regulation and real learning can promote the construction and transfer of individual knowledge.Cognitive theory provides theoretical guidance for the research.On the basis of theoretical study,this paper systematically analyzes the characteristics,functions,specific components and formation process of the cognitive structure of geographical elements,and puts forward the teaching strategies of constructing the cognitive structure of geographical elements according to the characteristics of learners’ perception,memory and extraction of geographical elements.The strategy is,perceiving life and enriching the representation of geographical elements;Knowledge structuring promotes the coding and storage of knowledge of geographical elements;Guide meaningful learning and promote fine coding of knowledge of geographical elements;Attach importance to migration and help to activate and extract the cognitive structure of geographical elements;The cognitive structure of geographical elements is constructed by using cognitive strategies and thinking methods of geography.On the basis of putting forward "the teaching strategy of constructing the cognitive structure of geographical elements",the teaching experiment method is adopted for teaching practice,and the teaching results are measured according to the designed test questions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed teaching strategy.The experimental results show that the teaching strategies proposed in this paper can effectively promote the construction of learners’ cognitive structure of geographical elements,improve learners’ mastery of knowledge and problem-solving ability.