Comparison Of Energy Consumption Characteristics Between Normal-weight And Overweight Young College Students In Walking And Ultra-jogging At The Same Treadmill Speeds

Research Objective:Despite the large amount of data supporting that physical activity is associated with health outcomes across the lifespan,there is still an evidence gap for the health benefits of mild-intensity physical activity.Therefore,in this study,the dynamic monitoring of energy metabolism related indexes in 30-min walking and ultra-jogging exercises of normal-weight and overweight young college students was conducted to investigate the relationship between energy consumption related indexes and exercise time during the two exercises at the same treadmill speeds,and to clarify the characteristics of the body’s utilization of energy substances during the exercise process.This study is intended to provide an empirical basis for young college students with different body mass indexes to choose exercise methods for effective fitness and weight control,and to fill the evidence gap for the health benefits of light-intensity physical activities.METHODS:This study recruited and screened students（non-athletic students）enrolled in Shandong Physical Education College by posting posters,and 60 subjects were finally enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,of which 30 were normal-weight subjects（15 males with a BMI of 21.2±1.2kg/m2 and 15 females with a BMI of 20.0±1.1kg/m2）and 30 were overweight subjects（15 males with a BMI of25.6±1.3kg/m2 and 15 females with a BMI of 25.2±1.1kg/m2）.with a BMI of25.6±1.3kg/m2 and 15 females with a BMI of 25.2±1.1kg/m2).The H/P/Cosmos exercise treadmill（quasar4.0）was used for the exercise test,the energy metabolism related indexes were collected by the CORTEXMeta Max3B portable gas metabolism analyzer,the real-time monitoring of heart rate during exercise was performed by the RS400 Polar heart rate meter,and the fatigue index of subjects during exercise was monitored by the RPE scale.METs,heart rate（HR）,energy expenditure（EE）,energy expenditure/body weight relative（EE/kg）,RPE,oxygen uptake（VO₂）,oxygen uptake/body weight relative（VO₂/Kg）,and substrate oxidation rate were collected in two different exercise modes,namely,ultra-jogging and walking,under the same speed conditions,and the collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 26.0.Statistical analysis was performed,and the data collected during exercise were tested for normality by Shapiro-Wilk,and data that conformed to normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation.Data that conformed to normal distribution were analyzed by two-factor repeated measures ANOVA,and comparisons of measures that did not conform to normal distribution were performed by nonparametric tests,with statistical significance at P<0.05.Results of the study:（1）The respiratory rate（P<0.05）;oxygen uptake（P<0.01）;relative oxygen uptake（P<0.01）,energy expenditure（P<0.01）,net energy expenditure（P<0.01）,heart rate（P<0.01）,protein oxidation rate（P<0.01）,carbohydrate oxidation rate（P<0.01）,fat oxidation rate（P<0.05）were significantly greater than that of the walking exercise,and the differences in other indexes were not statistically significant.In terms of differences in body mass index,the oxygen uptake of overweight male college students in walking and super jogging exercise（P<0.01）was significantly smaller than that of normal weight male college students.Protein oxidation rate（P<0.01）,energy expenditure（P<0.01）,net energy expenditure（P<0.05）,and fat oxidation rate（P<0.05）were significantly greater in overweight male college students than in normal weight male college students.Oxygen uptake（P<0.01）was significantly less in overweight female college students than in normal weight female college students during walking and ultra-jogging exercise.Protein oxidation rate（P<0.01）,energy expenditure（P<0.05）,net energy consumption（P<0.05）,and fat oxidation rate（P<0.05）were significantly greater in overweight than normal weight female college students.（2）Carbohydrate oxidation rate in both exercises increased with the increase of exercise time,which was more obvious at the beginning of the exercise,reached the maximum value between 15-25min,and then began to gradually decrease.At the end of the exercise,the carbohydrate oxidation rate（P<0.01）was significantly greater in ultra-jogging exercise than in walking exercise,and the carbohydrate oxidation rate（P<0.05）was significantly greater in ultra-jogging exercise than in normal-weight male young college students.The rate of carbohydrate oxidation was significantly greater in overweight female undergraduates（P<0.05）than in normal weight female undergraduates.（3）The fat oxidation rate increased and then decreased in both exercises,and then gradually increased with the increase of exercise time,both were lowest between15min-20min,and reached the highest at 25-30min.And the rate of animal oxidation（P<0.05）was significantly greater in ultra-jogging exercise than in walking exercise.The fat oxidation rate（P<0.05）of overweight male college students was significantly higher than that of normal-weight male college students in ultra-jogging exercise.The fat oxidation rate of overweight female college students was significantly higher（P<0.01）than that of normal-weight female college students.（4）The heart rate indexes showed a general trend of increase in both exercises,and the heart rate reached the highest at the end of the exercise,and the heart rate of ultra-jogging exercise（P<0.01）was significantly higher than that of walking.There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate between normal-weight male young college students and overweight male young college students,and between normal-weight female young college students and overweight female young college students in both sports.（5）Oxygen uptake increased rapidly in the first 5 min of both exercises,and then showed a slow increase,and oxygen uptake was significantly higher in ultra-jogging than in walking（P<0.01）.Oxygen uptake was significantly higher in normal-weight men（P<0.05）than in overweight men,and in normal-weight women（P<0.05）than in overweight women during the walking exercise,and was significantly higher in normal-weight men（P<0.01）than in overweight men,and in normal-weight women（P<0.01）than in overweight women during the ultra-jogging exercise.（6）The respiratory quotient showed a general trend of increasing and then decreasing in both exercises,reaching the highest value in the first 5-10 min,and then began to decline gradually.The respiratory quotient during ultra-jogging was higher than that of walking,but the difference was not statistically significant,and the respiratory quotient was not statistically significant in normal-weight male young college students compared with overweight male young college students in both exercises.Normal weight and overweight female young college students had statistically significant higher respiratory quotient in ultra jogging exercise（P<0.05）than in walking exercise.Research conclusion:（1）At 4.5km/h running pace,the trend of carbohydrate oxidation rate changes between male and female young college students is the same,which shows that there is little correlation with gender,and that the time for sustained and efficient carbohydrate energy supply during exercise is generally within 25min.It shows that if you want to burn the sugar in your body better,it is more effective to use ultra-jogging exercise.（2）The utilization rate of carbohydrates in ultra-jogging and walking does not remain high with the duration of the exercise,and the time of sustained and efficient energy supply is generally within 25 min,and the proportion of fat energy supply gradually increases and the proportion of carbohydrate energy supply gradually decreases after 25 min in the two types of exercise.Whether it is walking exercise or super jogging exercise,the exercise time is too short and can not maximize the use of fat oxidation to release energy,in order to better oxidize and decompose fat,the exercise time should last more than thirty minutes.（3）With 4.5km/h exercise for 30 minutes,The net energy expenditure,carbohydrate oxidation rate,and fat oxidation rate indexes of overweight young college students were significantly higher than those of young college students in the normal weight group during ultra-jogging and walking exercises.The energy consumption indexes of normal weight and overweight young college students in ultra-jogging exercise are significantly higher than those of walking exercise,ultra-jogging exercise produces greater energy consumption,which is more conducive to the overweight people’s body weight control,and the fitness benefits are higher.