The Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Shadow Education In The Main Urban Area Of Xining City

The introduction of market mechanism has made education show the trend of commercialization and industrialization,and various capital forces have poured into the education market,the increasing competition between knowledge and social resources has brought about a series of social problems,such as educational injustice,involution,social class solidification and so on.Shadow education,as an important gathering space around urban mainstream education and residential areas,has increasingly become an integral part of urban education space.The influence of shadow education on urban spatial function and social equity is also increasingly prominent,showing spatial imbalance and educational achievement differences.Therefore,it is necessary to further analyze its spatial distribution characteristics in combination with urban and street scales.Based on this,on the basis of combing relevant research,this paper divides shadow education into five categories according to the teaching content of shadow education :preschool education,interest cultivation,curriculum guidance,vocational training,art and sports training,and educational assistance.Based on the data of shadow education institutions in Xining City from 2000 to 2022,the spatial and temporal evolution process of shadow education at urban and block scales was analyzed through long-term series.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The shadow education institutions in the main urban area of Xining City continued to grow from 2000 to 2021,and there was a decreasing trend after 2021.They roughly experienced a slow development stage(before 2000),a preliminary development stage(2001-2007),a rapid development stage(2008-2014),an explosive growth stage(2015-2021),and a double contraction stage(after 2022);Shadow education is mainly based on the growth of curriculum counseling and vocational training institutions.In recent years,there has been a rapid growth trend in early childhood education.(2)The shadow education in the main urban area of Xining is a process of single point dispersion-multi-core agglomeration-banded agglomeration;In the region,the city center and the west of the city are the main areas,followed by the development of the north and east of the city.In terms of spatial structure,the center of shadow education shifted from the northeast-southwest direction to the northwest-southeast direction,which was manifested as the moving track at the junction of Guchengtai Street-Xiguan StreetGuchengtai Street and Xiguan Street,there are significant differences in the spatial structure evolution process of various shadow education;The spatial agglomeration of shadow education has experienced a process of random distribution-agglomerationsignificant agglomeration.The agglomeration process and scale of different types of shadow education are different.(3)The main urban area of Xining City consists of three agglomeration areas :Guchengtai,Pengjiazhai and Renmin Street.The internal structure of each agglomeration area is significantly different.The social location,supporting services and location perception characteristics of the central area of each agglomeration area are significantly different,and each relies on different platforms to form corresponding development rules and models.(4)Residential area and parking lot are important factors affecting the spatial layout of shadow education at the meso-scale,and the internal driving force,external support and external attraction are enough to form the spatial layout of shadow education at the meso-scale.The main factors affecting the layout of shadow education at the micro scale are urban roads and communities,and the dynamic mechanism of the layout of shadow education at the micro scale is composed of basic driving force,supporting force and activating attraction.