| Rural sports policy guides the development of rural sports and is the institutional guarantee for the development of rural sports.Since the founding of New China,the Party and the government have attached great importance to the development of rural sports in China and issued a series of policy documents to promote the development of rural sports.The analysis of rural sports policies provides a basis for decisionmaking and improves the scientific and effectiveness of policies,while the selection and application of policy tools is a major factor affecting the effectiveness of policy implementation.Reasonable and efficient policy tools can create a favourable atmosphere for the implementation of rural sports policies.Therefore,this paper takes policy tools as the research perspective,and through the investigation of the development history,external structure and application of rural sports policies,it is conducive to the formulation of rural sports policies,optimising the selection and application of rural sports policy tools,enhancing the operability of policies,and providing guarantees for the high-quality development of rural sports.This paper takes the text of China’s rural sports policy from 1978-2022 as its research object.Using literature,mathematical statistics,social network analysis and content analysis,it firstly conducts a historical review of rural sports policies since the reform and opening up and divides them into stages,namely,the stage of restoration and socialization development(1978-1992),the stage of initial construction of a legalized system(1993-2005),the stage of accelerated development of urban-rural integration(2006-2011)and the stage of comprehensive(2012-present).Secondly,the paper analyses the external structure of rural sports policy in each phase.During the restoration and socialisation phase,the policy guidelines for the priority development of sports in small towns were clarified,with the former National Sports Commission as the main issuing body,and the normative and binding discourse of the policy content was still insufficient.During the initial stage of the legalisation system,the text of the rural sports policy gradually highlights its uniqueness and establishes a development strategy focusing on township sports.The State Council and the State General Administration of Sports were the main issuers,and the authority of the policy content gradually increased.In the phase of accelerated development of urban and rural areas,an integrated development model for urban and rural sports was established,with the core issuing bodies increasing day by day and the policy content becoming more and more standardised and rational.During the stage of deepening reform,national strategies and favourable policies such as the strengthening of the sporting state and the revitalisation of the countryside were promulgated to lead the development of rural sports and provide guarantees for its quality development.Finally,a two-dimensional framework of "policy tools-development stages" was constructed from the perspective of policy tools,and 155 rural sports policy texts since the reform and opening up were quantified and analysed as follows: supplyoriented policy tools accounted for 50.7%,with venue facilities,competition and organisation and management accounting for 21.8% of the total.Among the internal elements,strategic measures and target planning were the top two,accounting for54% and 22.5% respectively;demand-based policy tools accounted for only 5.9% of the total,and government procurement was less used,accounting for only 11.1% of the demand-based policy tools.At the stage of recovery and socialisation,supplybased policy tools(62%),including venue facilities,event competitions and organisational management,accounted for 21.8%;environmental policy tools(32.4%),with 65.2% of the internal elements being strategic measures.At the stage of the initial construction of the legalised system,supply-based policy tools(55.4),including organisational management(36.6%),activity competitions(24.4%)and venue facilities(14.6%),environmental(41.9%),strategic measures(58.1%)and regulatory control(22.6%)in the internal composition.In the stage of accelerated development of urban and rural integration,environment-based policy tools were used most frequently,including strategic measures(48.5%)and target planning(25%),while tax incentives and financial support accounted for only 6.94%.In the stage of comprehensive deepening reform to boost development,supply-based(50.8%),including venue facilities(31.6%),activity competitions(26.3%)and environmental(39.6%),tax incentives and financial support accounted for only 4.1% and 8.1%.In view of the above research and analysis,the following dilemmas exist in rural sports policy: firstly,the rural sports policy system needs to be improved;secondly,the synergy between policy subjects needs to be further strengthened;thirdly,supplybased policy tools are overused and their internal structure needs to be optimised;fourthly,environment-based policy tools are overused and their internal ratio is unbalanced;the selection and use of demand-based policy tools need to be strengthened.The reasons for this are,firstly,the singularity and complexity of policy objectives.Secondly,the lack of continuity and clarity in rural sports policies.Thirdly,the shackles of "policy from above,policy from below".Fourthly,the preference and rationality of policy tool selection.Fifthly,the participation of stakeholders.Suggestions for optimising rural sports policies are made to address the existing dilemmas and root causes.First,improve the policy system of rural sports to enhance the authority and rationality of policies;second,improve the synergy mechanism of policy subjects to enhance the collaboration among them;third,optimise the internal structure of supply-based policy tools to bring into play the driving force of policies;fourth,improve the layout of environment-based policy tools to enhance the operability of policy tools;fifth,enhance the use of demand-based policy tools to improve the traction of policies. |
PDF Full Text Request