The Construction And Application Of Special Physical Training Index System Of Chinese Trampoline High-level Athletes

Research Background: Since the first individual event was created in the Sydney Olympic Games,Chinese trampoline athletes have made a lot of achievements.Zhu Xueying became the Olympic champion of women’s trampoline in the last cycle of Tokyo Olympic Games,which indicates that Chinese trampoline has a certain competitiveness in the international arena.However,it can be seen from the major competitions in recent years that foreign athletes have appeared difficult moves one after another.It has certain influence on Chinese trampoline team to win the championship.Trampoline has some practical experience at present,but the study of trampoline theory is not systematic enough.There are few researches on the special physical training of trampoline.Most of them give a single description or put forward suggestions on the physical training means or special technical training means from the research on the special quality or technical training,and lack a complete index system to guide the special physical training of trampoline.In terms of the research on the construction of index system,most of the existing studies construct secondary indexes such as strength,endurance and flexibility from the perspective of special quality and then divide them into training methods to form an index system,ignoring the close connection between trampoline technology and physical strength.Research Objective: Trampoline aims at transforming the practical experience of special physical training into scientific training theory,highlighting the uniqueness of trampoline project,providing training guidance for our high level trampoline athletes,making up the balance between theoretical research and competitive level,and enriching the research on special physical training of our country.From the perspective of rules,winning factors and physical characteristics of trampoline,this paper analyzes and summarizes previous research results and the practical experience of famous athletes,referees,coaches and myself trampoline athletes to construct the special physical fitness training index system of our country’s high-level athletes.A deep understanding of the key points of technical movements and special physical training is the premise and guarantee of the index system.In this paper,the first-level index is the movement structure of trampoline,the second-level index is the technical ability of trampoline,the third-level index is the subdivided second-level index to improve the technical ability and physical requirements,and the fourth-level index is the specific training means of relevant special physical training.A complete set of training methods such as the combined movement ability of high-level trampoline athletes in the connecting stage of movement,and the leg speed of the rib-wood leg lift training of high-level trampoline athletes in the air roll-over(horizontal axis,vertical axis,composite axis)stage were selected to develop an index system in line with the characteristics of trampoline events.The successful training experience in the past will be explored and summarized to promote the physical fitness of high-level trampoline athletes,so as to maintain the competitiveness of Chinese trampoline in major competitions.Research methods: A total of 682 articles were searched with the keywords "trampoline","special physical fitness","special physical training" and "trampoline" on CNKI,PUBMED and Web of Science(WOS).The Delphi method was used to analyze the suggestions and opinions of 17 trampoline experts including world famous athletes,international referees and senior coaches.A total of 51 indicators were selected and determined to constitute this index system,among which 27 were four-level indicators.The index system was applied to 16 athletes and coaches of Shanghai trampoline team for one month by questionnaire survey and the feedback was obtained.Using mathematical statistics,the data collected by two rounds of Delphi expert opinion form were imported into the SPSS software for statistical analysis.Then the weight calculation of the index system obtained from the special physical fitness training index system of high-level athletes in our country is carried out and the important degree value is obtained.Research results: The following results are obtained through the expert questionnaire and the index system:(1)The 17 experts involved in this paper have senior experience in the field of trampoline theoretical knowledge and practical experience.Based on the theoretical research and practical experience of trampoline,a special physical training index system for high-level trampoline athletes in China is constructed,and a total of 123 indicators are obtained in the final index system,all of which meet the screening criteria in this paper.(2)The weight analysis of the final index system shows that the highest weight coefficient of the net plays an important role among the four first-level indicators;Among the eight secondary indexes,the air technical ability of the subordinate primary index(horizontal axis,vertical axis,composite axis)has an important impact on the special physical training of high-level athletes.The weight analysis results of 24 threelevel indexes show that the movement coherence ability of high-level athletes is the focus of special physical training;The weight analysis of 87 four-level indicators shows that the complete set is the key training means in the special physical training.(3)Through the questionnaire analysis of the application of indicators of 16 coaches and high-level athletes of Shanghai trampoline team,it can be seen that 27 four-level indicators have a high degree of feasibility,and the complete set of indicators has the highest degree of feasibility.Comprehensively speaking,the index system can be applied to the training team,and the feedback of the application effect can improve the physical level and special technology of high-level athletes to a certain extent.Research conclusion: This paper constructs a special physical training index system for high-level trampoline athletes in China based on four action stages:(trampoline)net,air flip(horizontal axis,vertical axis,composite axis),action connection,and net drop(control net).It puts forward new requirements for improving the physical fitness of high-level trampoline athletes in China,and comprehensively considers the rationality of practical application.The index content comprehensively involves the special physical training means of trampoline high-level athletes,and adjusts the index system according to the changes of competition rules,in order to improve the physical fitness and the overall level of our trampoline high-level athletes.