| Research objective:With the continuous development and progress of society,our country gradually into the aging society,the health of the elderly gradually become an agenda item.In the field of sports,the latest research is to improve the health and physique of different people through reasonable and scientific physical exercise.In the context of healthy aging,many domestic experts and scholars are also studying the health problems of the elderly.With the help of the sampling opportunity of national physical fitness test,this study conducted a questionnaire survey and physical fitness test for some elderly people in Liuanshui City(national old third-tier area),based on which the relationship between fitness behavior,fitness awareness and health and physical fitness of the elderly was discussed,so as to provide some references and suggestions for promoting health behavior and improving the quality of life of the elderly.Research methods:According to the sampling requirements of national physical fitness test,479 effective samples of the elderly were investigated in Liupanshui City by using literature,questionnaire,testing,mathematical statistics and other relevant research methods.Among them,237 were male and 242 were female.Questionnaire survey and physical fitness test were conducted on them.SPSS22.0 statistical analysis software was used to process the database.The specific statistical methods mainly include descriptive analysis,contingency analysis,variance analysis,correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.The significance level of all indicators was set as α= 0.05.Results:(1)From the results of physical fitness test,the sex characteristics of physical fitness showed that height,BMI value,vital capacity,2 minutes in situ leg lifting,muscle relative strength showed that men were significantly better than women,but the performance of flexibility was opposite;The age characteristics of physical fitness showed that height,BMI value,vital capacity,2 minutes in place high leg lift,30 seconds sitting and standing,grip strength,seated forward bending all showed significant differences in different age groups(p<0.05),and with the increase of age,the health and physical fitness indicators of the elderly showed a downward trend.The characteristics of physical fitness in urban and rural areas showed that the elderly in urban and rural areas did not show significant differences in height,BMI value,2minutes in situ leg lifting,30 seconds sitting and standing(p>0.05),but the elderly in urban and rural areas showed significant differences in vital capacity,grip strength,and seated forward bending(p<0.05).Among them,the lung capacity and grip strength of the urban elderly are better than those of the rural elderly,but the seated forward flexion of the rural elderly is better than that of the urban elderly.(2)From the perspective of residents’ fitness behavior and awareness,the proportion of the elderly in Liupanshui City to participate in physical exercise and fitness activities is relatively high.Among them,the proportion of the elderly in moderate degree exercise is the largest,while the proportion of the elderly in major degree exercise is the lowest.In the choice of fitness events,there is no significant difference between male and female.The main exercise items are ball activities such as "walking","ping,badminton,tennis,soft ball","dance" and "gymnastics".Compared with men,women are more likely to choose dance and gymnastics,but the number of weekly strength exercises for the elderly is not significant,and rarely accompanied by resistance exercise.In terms of fitness motivation,there is a significant difference between male and female choices.The proportion of male choosing to increase physical activity is 15.61%,which is significantly lower than that of female choosing 29.34%.The elderly have clear motivation to keep fit,mainly to increase physical activity,prevention and treatment and recreation,which are closely related to the physical and mental characteristics of the elderly.The main factors affecting the fitness of the elderly are some personal factors,such as no interest,inertia,busy housework,weak body,more physical activity,fear of injury,not suitable to participate and so on.(3)From the correlation of fitness awareness,fitness behavior and fitness of residents,it can be seen that the degree of exercise participation and the frequency of strength exercise have a positive effect on the indicators of health and physical fitness of the elderly.The greater the two,the better the indicators of health and physical fitness of the elderly;In addition,the elderly who mainly participate in skills-oriented projects have a higher level of health and physical fitness.The strong fitness consciousness of the elderly has a significant positive impact on their health and physical fitness.The elderly who have leisure,entertainment and social motivation have better health and physical fitness indicators.In terms of fitness hindrance factors,compared with environmental factors,personal factors can affect the fitness level of the elderly more.Conclusions:(1)There are significant differences in fitness indexes of the elderly.Men are better than women in cardiopulmonary fitness,muscle fitness and body composition,but women are better than men in flexibility fitness.With the increase of age,the indicators of health and physical fitness of the elderly generally show a downward trend.The average fitness level of the elderly in urban areas was generally higher than that of the elderly in rural areas.There were no significant differences in other fitness indexes except for vital capacity,grip strength and seated forward flexion.(2)Fitness behavior,fitness awareness and fitness hindrance factors are significantly correlated with fitness fitness of the elderly.Fitness behavior and fitness awareness have significant positive predictive effects on fitness indicators of the elderly,but fitness hindrance factors have negative predictive effects on fitness indicators of the elderly. |
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