Research On Design And Application Of The High School History Textbook Exercises From The Perspective Critical Thinking

The understanding and cultivation of critical thinking has always been an important frontier research problem and practice problem in the field of education.The researches mainly focused on the theoretical research of critical thinking previously,but there were few practical researches on a specific content in history teaching.The new college entrance examination evaluation system points out that critical thinking belongs to the important content of thinking cognitive ability group clearly.Critical questioning is not only an important quality of scientific spirit in Chinese students’ core accomplishment but also a characteristic reflection of critical thinking.The training of students’ critical thinking determines the quality of history teaching.Exercises in the unified edition textbooks are unique in both design and content."Questioning" is the premise of cultivating critical thinking,and exercises in history textbooks are the most direct form of "questioning".This paper intends to study and discuss how to cultivate students’ critical thinking in teaching by using the exercises in the unified edition of high school history textbooks.Firstly,the literature method is adopted to sort out the research on the connotation and significance of critical thinking: Research the integration of critical thinking and subject teaching;Research on exercise design and meaning;Research on exercise using strategies.It is concluded that exercises are beneficial to the cultivation of students’ critical thinking.By analyzing the characteristics of exercise design in《Economic and Social Life》,it is concluded that critical thinking can make exercises more valuable in history textbooks and exercises are an important carrier to cultivate critical thinking.Secondly,using the case analysis method,to explore the significance of exercise application from the perspective of critical thinking in combination with specific exercises: to optimize teaching resources,reduce burdens,improve quality and efficiency;Enhance students’ problem awareness and cultivate students’ historical thinking ability;to highlight the subjectivity and promote the all-round development of students.On this basis of above,the principles applied in teaching practice are put forward: hierarchy,openness,cooperation and reflection.Thirdly,using the questionnaire survey method,we set up a questionnaire about the current situation of critical thinking training,and conducted a questionnaire survey on teachers and students.It was found that the front-line teachers’ awareness of critical thinking was weak,they did not create a good training environment for students,and did not fully explore the favorable materials for cultivating critical thinking in the exercises.There is a large space for the cultivation of students’ critical thinking ability,and the behaviors of critical questioning,independent thinking,argumentation and analysis,inquiry and reflection are not obvious.Finally,to put forward specific strategies for exercise design and application according to the current situation of using exercises :Increasing the number of intuitive charts to facilitate the extraction of effective information;Increasing relevant historical notes or background introduction to help transfer and understanding;Supplement new materials timely,to present more research topics,select questions,and stimulate students’ interest in critical awareness;Be deliberate and question to improve students’ critical thinking ability;Explore and reflect to shape students’ critical thinking quality.Developing a critical thinking evaluation scale,select 《Lesson 2 Food Species Exchange after the Opening of a New Route 》 to do the case analysis,and increase the feasibility.